Flood Warning
Flood Statement
National Weather Service Fort Worth TX
916 AM CDT Tue Aug 22 2017
...The Flood Warning continues for the following areas in Texas...
South Sulphur River Near Cooper Affecting Delta and Hopkins
Counties
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Do not drive cars through flooded areas.
Caution is urged when walking near riverbanks.
Stay tuned to NOAA All Hazards Radio for the latest river forecasts.
&&
TXC119-223-230216-
/O.CON.KFWD.FL.W.0039.000000T0000Z-000000T0000Z/
/COPT2.1.ER.170815T1858Z.170816T1900Z.000000T0000Z.NO/
916 AM CDT Tue Aug 22 2017
The Flood Warning continues for
The South Sulphur River Near Cooper.
* At 815 AM Tuesday the stage was 18.43 feet.
* Flood stage is 16 feet.
* Minor flooding is occurring and Minor flooding is forecast.
* Forecast...The river will continue to fall to a stage near 18 feet
by Wednesday morning.
&&
LAT...LON 3337 9567 3341 9556 3341 9549 3330 9548
3329 9557
$$
37
Hazardous Weather Outlook
Hazardous Weather Outlook...UPDATED
National Weather Service Norman OK
523 PM CDT Tue Aug 22 2017
OKZ004>048-050>052-TXZ083>090-232230-
Harper-Woods-Alfalfa-Grant-Kay-Ellis-Woodward-Major-Garfield-
Noble-Roger Mills-Dewey-Custer-Blaine-Kingfisher-Logan-Payne-
Beckham-Washita-Caddo-Canadian-Oklahoma-Lincoln-Grady-McClain-
Cleveland-Pottawatomie-Seminole-Hughes-Harmon-Greer-Kiowa-Jackson-
Tillman-Comanche-Stephens-Garvin-Murray-Pontotoc-Coal-Cotton-
Jefferson-Carter-Johnston-Atoka-Love-Marshall-Bryan-Hardeman-
Foard-Wilbarger-Wichita-Knox-Baylor-Archer-Clay-
523 PM CDT Tue Aug 22 2017
This hazardous weather outlook is for portions of northern...
western...central...and southern Oklahoma...and western
north Texas.
.DAY ONE...Through Tonight...
.Thunderstorms...
Isolated to numerous thunderstorms will continue across central
and southern Oklahoma and adjacent parts of northern Texas through
tonight. Some strong to severe storms are possible with a threat
of damaging winds up to 70 mph and hail up to the size of half
dollars. Severe potential will decrease after 10 pm this evening.
.Heavy Rainfall/Flooding...
Localized heavy rainfall is possible now through early Wednesday
morning across much of Oklahoma and north Texas. The heaviest
rainfall is expected over portions of southwestern Oklahoma. This
could lead to flash flooding.
.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Wednesday through Monday...
.Thunderstorms...
At least a low chance of thunderstorms will be possible each day
Wednesday through next Monday. Strong winds and locally heavy
rainfall may be possible with storms during the next several days.
Get graphics and more details at weather.gov/norman...and follow
our weather forecast office on Twitter and Facebook.
$$
MBS
Hazardous Weather Outlook...Update
National Weather Service Little Rock AR
500 PM CDT Tue Aug 22 2017
ARZ003>007-012>016-021>025-030>034-037>047-052>057-062>069-231000-
Boone-Marion-Baxter-Fulton-Sharp-Newton-Searcy-Stone-Izard-
Independence-Johnson-Pope-Van Buren-Cleburne-Jackson-Logan-Conway-
Faulkner-White-Woodruff-Scott-Yell-Perry-Polk-Montgomery-Garland-
Saline-Pulaski-Lonoke-Prairie-Monroe-Pike-Clark-Hot Spring-Grant-
Jefferson-Arkansas-Dallas-Cleveland-Lincoln-Desha-Ouachita-
Calhoun-Bradley-Drew-
500 PM CDT Tue Aug 22 2017
This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for a Large Part of Arkansas.
.DAY ONE...Tonight
A cold front will slowly sag southeast into and through Arkansas
this evening and tonight, and develop scattered showers and
thunderstorms. A marginal risk of severe storms is forecast, with
mainly an isolated strong to severe storm possible. The main threats
of any severe storm will be damaging winds and large hail, while
locally heavy rainfall will also be possible. After midnight, the
any strong to severe storms are forecast to weaken.
.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Wednesday Through Monday
Some lingering chances for showers and thunderstorms will remain
in the forecast early on Wednesday across southern portions of the
area. However, the threat for hazardous weather will become low as
drier, more stable air moves into the state. Expect the calmer
conditions to persist through the rest of the week.
Showers and thunderstorms will return to the forecast by late in the
weekend as the front to the south of the region moves back to the
north a bit. At this time, the threat of severe weather with this
system is low.
However, then all eyes are on the remnants of Tropical Storm Harvey,
which is moving across the Yucatan peninsula Tuesday. The system is
expected to make landfall in Texas around Friday. The remnants of
the storm could move in the direction of Arkansas by early next
week. If this pans out, there will be a significant increase in
heavy rainfall potential. Arkansans should continue to monitor the
latest forecasts from the National Weather Service concerning this
potential heavy rainfall early next week.
.Spotter Information Statement...
Spotter activation is not anticipated at this time.
&&
Visit NWS Little Rock on the web. Go to http://weather.gov/lzk.
$$
62/57/59
Hazardous Weather Outlook
National Weather Service Tulsa OK
432 PM CDT Tue Aug 22 2017
ARZ001-002-010-011-019-020-029-OKZ049-053>076-231045-
Adair OK-Benton AR-Carroll AR-Cherokee OK-Choctaw OK-Craig OK-
Crawford AR-Creek OK-Delaware OK-Franklin AR-Haskell OK-Latimer OK-
Le Flore OK-Madison AR-Mayes OK-McIntosh OK-Muskogee OK-Nowata OK-
Okfuskee OK-Okmulgee OK-Osage OK-Ottawa OK-Pawnee OK-Pittsburg OK-
Pushmataha OK-Rogers OK-Sebastian AR-Sequoyah OK-Tulsa OK-Wagoner OK-
Washington OK-Washington AR-
432 PM CDT Tue Aug 22 2017
This Outlook is for Northwest and West Central Arkansas as well as
much of Eastern Oklahoma.
.DAY ONE...This Evening and Tonight.
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM.
RISK...Limited.
AREA...Eastern Oklahoma and Northwestern Arkansas.
ONSET...Ongoing.
HEAVY RAIN and FLASH FLOOD.
RISK...Limited.
AREA...Southeastern Oklahoma and West Central Arkansas.
ONSET...after 10 pm.
DANGEROUS HEAT.
RISK...Limited.
AREA...Southeastern Oklahoma and West Central Arkansas.
ONSET...Ongoing.
DISCUSSION...
Thunderstorms are expected to become more widespread this evening
across eastern Oklahoma and northwestern Arkansas as a cold front
that extends from near Miami to Perry late this afternoon moves
southward through tonight. Another area of thunderstorm development
is expected along an outflow boundary from earlier thunderstorm
activity that extends from near Okemah to near Broken Bow. The
atmosphere over much of the area has become moderately unstable this
afternoon but wind shear remains rather weak. Therefore, strong to
marginally severe storms are possible through this evening but the
individual storms will likely be short-lived. Damaging wind gusts are
possible in the strongest storms, with the most likely area for
severe weather being across southeastern Oklahoma where the air mass
is most unstable.
As the front moves southward tonight, widespread thunderstorms with
heavy rainfall are expected to move into east central and
southeastern Oklahoma, as well as west central Arkansas. Some
isolated flooding problems may occur if there is any repeat
thunderstorm activity that occurs across the same area over a few
hour period.
The temperatures south of the cold front today have warmed into the
low to mid 90s. This heat combined with dewpoint temperatures in the
low to mid 70s has resulted in heat index values from 100 to near
105 degrees across southeastern Oklahoma and west central Arkansas
this afternoon. These conditions will improve this evening.
SPOTTER AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ACTION STATEMENT...
Local Spotter Activation May Be Needed.
.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Wednesday through Monday.
WEDNESDAY...Thunderstorm Potential.
THURSDAY and FRIDAY...No Hazards.
SATURDAY through MONDAY...Thunderstorm Potential.
EXTENDED DISCUSSION...
The cold front will continue moving southward Wednesday, with
thunderstorms affecting southeastern Oklahoma and west central
Arkansas in the morning. These storms will gradually end during the
afternoon as the front pushes into northern Texas. Fair weather can
be expected Thursday and Friday behind the front, as high pressure
settles into the region.
A slow-moving upper level disturbance approaching the area from the
northwest will bring thunderstorm chances back to the region over the
weekend. The remnants of a tropical system in the southern Gulf of
Mexico this evening is forecast to move northward into southern Texas
this week. Depending on the track of this system, rain and
thunderstorm chances late this weekend and early next week may be
increased across portions of eastern Oklahoma and western Arkansas.
weather.gov/tulsa contains additional information.
$$
69
Hazardous Weather Outlook
National Weather Service Fort Worth TX
352 PM CDT Tue Aug 22 2017
TXZ091>095-100>107-115>123-129>135-141>148-156>162-174-175-231300-
Montague-Cooke-Grayson-Fannin-Lamar-Young-Jack-Wise-Denton-Collin-
Hunt-Delta-Hopkins-Stephens-Palo Pinto-Parker-Tarrant-Dallas-
Rockwall-Kaufman-Van Zandt-Rains-Eastland-Erath-Hood-Somervell-
Johnson-Ellis-Henderson-Comanche-Mills-Hamilton-Bosque-Hill-Navarro-
Freestone-Anderson-Lampasas-Coryell-Bell-McLennan-Falls-Limestone-
Leon-Milam-Robertson-
352 PM CDT Tue Aug 22 2017
This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for North and Central Texas.
.DAY ONE...This Evening and Tonight.
Isolated to scattered thunderstorms are possible mainly along
and north of the Interstate 20 corridor this evening. Severe weather
is not expected, though gusty winds and frequent lightning may
accompany some of the storms.
Later this evening, storm chances will increase along and north of a
line from Comanche to Hillsboro to Athens as a front moves into the
region. The highest rain chances will be along and north of the
Interstate 20 corridor. Severe weather is not expected, though gusty
winds and lightning will be possible with the storms. Heavy rainfall
will also be possible which may result in some minor flood issues.
.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Wednesday through Monday.
Low thunderstorm chances will continue across most of North and
Central Texas Wednesday through the weekend. On Saturday and Sunday,
some widespread heavy rain is possible across parts of Central Texas
depending on the track of a decaying tropical system, although this
system`s evolution is still uncertain at this time. Locations south
of Temple to Waco to Palestine could experience heavy rain and
localized flooding depending on this storm`s track.
.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...
Spotter activation is not expected at this time.
$$
Hazardous Weather Outlook
National Weather Service Memphis TN
300 PM CDT Tue Aug 22 2017
ARZ008-009-017-018-026>028-035-036-048-049-058-MOZ113-115-
MSZ001>017-020>024-TNZ001>004-019>022-048>055-088>092-231200-
Alcorn-Benton MS-Benton TN-Calhoun-Carroll-Chester-Chickasaw-Clay-
Coahoma-Craighead-Crittenden-Crockett-Cross-DeSoto-Decatur-
Dunklin-Dyer-Fayette-Gibson-Greene-Hardeman-Hardin-Haywood-
Henderson-Henry-Itawamba-Lafayette-Lake-Lauderdale-Lawrence-
Lee AR-Lee MS-Madison-Marshall-McNairy-Mississippi-Monroe-Obion-
Panola-Pemiscot-Phillips-Poinsett-Pontotoc-Prentiss-Quitman-
Randolph-Shelby-St. Francis-Tallahatchie-Tate-Tippah-Tipton-
Tishomingo-Tunica-Union-Weakley-Yalobusha-
300 PM CDT Tue Aug 22 2017
This hazardous weather outlook is for portions of East Arkansas...
the Missouri Bootheel...North Mississippi...and West Tennessee.
.DAY ONE...This Afternoon and Tonight
There is a marginal risk of severe thunderstorms tonight across
the Mid-South. The main threat from these thunderstorms would be
damaging winds and large hail.
.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Wednesday through Monday
There is the potential for a significant heavy rainfall event at
the beginning of next week as the remnants of Harvey pass nearby.
There is much uncertainty regarding timing, exact track and
rainfall amounts. Please continue to monitor forecasts as this
event approaches.
.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...
Spotter activation may be needed tonight.
$$
KRM
Hazardous Weather Outlook
National Weather Service Shreveport LA
1120 AM CDT Tue Aug 22 2017
ARZ050-051-059>061-070>073-LAZ001>006-010>014-017>022-OKZ077-
TXZ096-097-108>112-124>126-136>138-149>153-165>167-231630-
Sevier-Howard-Little River-Hempstead-Nevada-Miller-Lafayette-
Columbia-Union-Caddo-Bossier-Webster-Claiborne-Lincoln-De Soto-
Red River-Bienville-Jackson-Ouachita-Sabine-Natchitoches-Winn-
Grant-Caldwell-La Salle-McCurtain-Bowie-Franklin-Titus-Camp-
Morris-Cass-Wood-Upshur-Marion-Smith-Gregg-Harrison-Cherokee-Rusk-
Panola-Nacogdoches-Shelby-Angelina-San Augustine-
1120 AM CDT Tue Aug 22 2017
This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for portions of south central
Arkansas, southwest Arkansas, north central Louisiana, northwest
Louisiana, southeast Oklahoma, east Texas and northeast Texas.
.DAY ONE...Today and Tonight...
Heat index values near 105 are expected again this afternoon, so
take precautions to prevent heat related injuries. At the same
time, isolated to perhaps scattered showers and thunderstorms
will be developing this afternoon. Some of these storms could
produce gusty winds, frequent lightning, and brief, heavy
downpours. Overnight, new thunderstorm activity from the north
along a cold front may move into the area by daybreak. Otherwise,
no other hazardous weather is expected at this time.
.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Wednesday through Monday...
Thunderstorms will become more widespread into midweek as the cold
front slowly moves South of I-20 briefly and then lifts back
northward.
In addition, the remnant of tropical depression Harvey is over
the Yucatan Peninsula now and will move across the Western Gulf
of Mexico, regaining storm status and then making landfall on the
Texas coastal bend. Harvey is forecast to move northeastward into
our area early this weekend. Preliminarily, widespread rainfall
amounts of two to four inches are expected, with higher amounts
possible. These amounts could increase as the track forecast comes
into better focus.
.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...
Activation of emergency management personnel, amateur radio
operators and storm spotters will not be needed through tonight.
$$
12
Hazardous Weather Outlook
National Weather Service New Orleans LA
1113 AM CDT Tue Aug 22 2017
GMZ530-532-534-536-538-550-552-555-557-570-572-575-577-LAZ034>037-
039-040-046>050-056>072-MSZ068>071-077-080>082-230415-
Lake Pontchartrain and Lake Maurepas-Mississippi Sound-
Lake Borgne-Chandeleur Sound-Breton Sound-
Coastal Waters from Port Fourchon LA to Lower Atchafalaya River
LA out 20 nm-
Coastal waters from the Southwest Pass of the Mississippi River
to Port Fourchon Louisiana out 20 NM-
Coastal Waters from Boothville LA to Southwest Pass of the
Mississippi River out 20 nm-
Coastal waters from Pascagoula Mississippi to Stake Island out
20 NM-
Coastal waters from Port Fourchon Louisiana to Lower Atchafalaya
River LA from 20 to 60 NM-
Coastal waters from Southwest Pass of the Mississippi River to
Port Fourchon Louisiana from 20 to 60 NM-
Coastal Waters from Stake Island LA to Southwest Pass of the
Mississippi River from 20 to 60 nm-
Coastal waters from Pascagoula Mississippi to Stake Island
Louisiana out 20 to 60 NM-Pointe Coupee-West Feliciana-
East Feliciana-St. Helena-Washington-St. Tammany-Iberville-
West Baton Rouge-East Baton Rouge-Ascension-Livingston-Assumption-
St. James-St. John The Baptist-Upper Lafourche-St. Charles-
Upper Jefferson-Orleans-Upper Plaquemines-Upper St. Bernard-
Upper Terrebonne-Lower Terrebonne-Lower Lafourche-Lower Jefferson-
Lower Plaquemines-Lower St. Bernard-Northern Tangipahoa-
Southern Tangipahoa-Wilkinson-Amite-Pike-Walthall-Pearl River-
Hancock-Harrison-Jackson-
1113 AM CDT Tue Aug 22 2017
This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for portions of Southeast
Louisiana...South Mississippi and the adjacent coastal waters.
.DAY ONE...This Afternoon and Tonight
Scattered thunderstorms are expected this afternoon and through
the early evening hours. A few of the storms could become strong,
producing gusty winds, frequent lightning and heavy downpours
that could result in localized street flooding.
.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Wednesday through Monday
Daily scattered afternoon thunderstorms are expected through the
period. A few of the storms each day could become strong. These
stronger thunderstorms could produce gusty winds, frequent
lightning and heavy downpours that could result in localized
street flooding.
The remnants of Harvey are expected to move into the southwestern
Gulf of Mexico this week. The system currently has a high chance
of development over the next 48 hours. Continue to monitor this
system for potential rainfall and high tide impacts for Southeast
Louisiana and Southern Mississippi through the weekend and early
next week.
.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...
Spotter activation is not anticipated.
$$
32
Hazardous Weather Outlook
National Weather Service Houston/Galveston TX
546 AM CDT Tue Aug 22 2017
GMZ330-335-350-355-370-375-TXZ163-164-176>179-195>200-210>214-226-
227-235>238-231100-
Austin-Brazoria-Brazos-Burleson-Chambers-
Coastal waters from Freeport to the Matagorda Ship Channel out
20 NM-Coastal waters from High Island to Freeport out 20 NM-
Colorado-Fort Bend-Galveston-Galveston Bay-Grimes-Harris-Houston-
Jackson-Liberty-Madison-Matagorda-Matagorda Bay-Montgomery-Polk-
San Jacinto-Trinity-Walker-Waller-Washington-
Waters from Freeport to the Matagorda Ship Channel from 20 to
60 NM-Waters from High Island to Freeport from 20 to 60 NM-
Wharton-
546 AM CDT Tue Aug 22 2017
This hazardous weather outlook is for portions of Southeast Texas..
.DAY ONE...Today and Tonight
Although heat index values are not expected to be quite as high with
cloud cover and rain chances increasing, heat index values ranging
from 101 to 105 can still be expected today. This can still be dangerous
if engaging in outside activities. Please use caution when
working outside and drink plenty of water.
.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Wednesday through Monday
The National Hurricane Center is continuing to monitor tropical
disturbance #1 which consists of the remnants of tropical system
Harvey. Higher rainfall amounts along with stronger winds and
seas, could be possible between Thursday and Sunday depending on
the intensity and track of this system.
.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...
Spotter activation is not expected.
$$
Hazardous Weather Outlook
National Weather Service Lake Charles LA
544 AM CDT Tue Aug 22 2017
LAZ027>033-041>045-052>055-073-074-TXZ180-201-215-216-259>262-
231045-
Vernon-Rapides-Avoyelles-Beauregard-Allen-Evangeline-St. Landry-
Calcasieu-Jefferson Davis-Acadia-Lafayette-Upper St. Martin-
Vermilion-Iberia-St. Mary-Lower St. Martin-West Cameron-
East Cameron-Tyler-Hardin-Jefferson-Orange-Northern Jasper-
Northern Newton-Southern Jasper-Southern Newton-
544 AM CDT Tue Aug 22 2017
This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for portions of central
Louisiana, south central Louisiana, southwest Louisiana, west
central Louisiana, and southeast Texas.
.DAY ONE...Today and Tonight
Scattered to numerous showers and thunderstorms will develop from
late this morning through this evening. Some of these storms will
have the potential to produce locally heavy rainfall and frequent
lightning. Storms are expected to weaken and dissipate around or
shortly after sunset.
.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Wednesday through Monday
Scattered showers and thunderstorms are expected each day
Wednesday and Thursday. Some of these storms will
have the potential to produce locally heavy rainfall and frequent
lightning.
Numerous showers and thunderstorms are expected Friday through
early next week as weakening Tropical Cyclone Harvey is expected
to move from southwest to northeast across the region. Depending
on the track and strength of Harvey, very heavy rainfall could
potentially lead to widespread flash flooding as early as Saturday
and into early next week.
.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...
Spotter activation is not anticipated.
$$
Short Term Forecast
Short Term Forecast
National Weather Service Shreveport LA
508 PM CDT Tue Aug 22 2017
ARZ050-051-059>061-070-OKZ077-TXZ096-097-230000-
Sevier-Howard-Little River-Hempstead-Nevada-Miller-McCurtain-
Red River-Bowie-
Including the cities of De Queen, Nashville, Mineral Springs,
Dierks, Ashdown, Hope, Prescott, Texarkana, Idabel, Broken Bow,
Clarksville, and Bogata
508 PM CDT Tue Aug 22 2017
.NOW...
Isolated showers and thunderstorms continued to move southeast at
15 mph across portions of southwest Oklahoma and southwest
Arkansas early this evening. This activity will be capable of
producing cloud to ground lightning, wind gusts of around 10 to
20 mph and rainfall amounts of one tenth to one quarter of an
inch will be possible, with isolated amounts to near one quarter
to one-half inch.
$$
Short Term Forecast
National Weather Service Shreveport LA
508 PM CDT Tue Aug 22 2017
LAZ011-013-014-017>022-TXZ150-152-153-165>167-230000-
Red River-Jackson-Ouachita-Sabine-Natchitoches-Winn-Grant-
Caldwell-La Salle-Rusk-Nacogdoches-Shelby-Angelina-San Augustine-
Including the cities of Coushatta, Martin, Jonesboro, Monroe,
Many, Zwolle, Pleasant Hill, Natchitoches, Winnfield, Colfax,
Montgomery, Dry Prong, Clarks, Grayson, Columbia, Jena, Midway,
Olla, Henderson, Nacogdoches, Center, Lufkin, San Augustine,
Hemphill, and Pineland
508 PM CDT Tue Aug 22 2017
.NOW...
Isolated to scattered showers and thunderstorms continued to move
southwest at 5 mph across portions of Deep East Texas and central
and northcentral Louisiana early this evening. This activity will
be capable of producing cloud to ground lightning, wind gusts of
10 to 20 mph and rainfall amounts of a few tenths of an inch up to
one-half inch or so.
$$
Short Term Forecast
National Weather Service Tulsa OK
331 PM CDT Tue Aug 22 2017
ARZ001-002-010-011-019-020-029-OKZ049-053>076-222245-
Benton-Carroll-Washington AR-Madison-Crawford-Franklin-Sebastian-
Pushmataha-Choctaw-Osage-Washington OK-Nowata-Craig-Ottawa-Pawnee-
Tulsa-Rogers-Mayes-Delaware-Creek-Okfuskee-Okmulgee-Wagoner-
Cherokee-Adair-Muskogee-McIntosh-Sequoyah-Pittsburg-Haskell-
Latimer-Le Flore-
Including the cities of Rogers, Bentonville, Berryville,
Eureka Springs, Fayetteville, Springdale, Huntsville, Van Buren,
Ozark, Charleston, Fort Smith, Antlers, Clayton, Hugo, Pawhuska,
Bartlesville, Nowata, Vinita, Miami, Pawnee, Tulsa, Claremore,
Pryor, Grove, Jay, Sapulpa, Okemah, Okmulgee, Wagoner, Tahlequah,
Stilwell, Muskogee, Checotah, Sallisaw, McAlester, Stigler,
Wilburton, and Poteau
331 PM CDT Tue Aug 22 2017
.NOW...
National Weather Service radars continued to detect
scattered thunderstorms and rain showers moving southeast at
around 20 mph over portions of eastern Oklahoma. Through 5:30 PM,
showers and storms are expected to persist across parts of the
area along and ahead of an approaching cold front. Thunderstorms
will be capable of producing winds to 45 miles an hour, brief
heavy rainfall, and cloud to ground lightning.
$$
