Gusty winds and dry conditions will continue to bring elevated to critical fire weather conditions to the southern Plains and Southeast early this week. A Pacific storm system will bring low elevation rain and heavy high elevation mountain snow to northern and central California through early week, expanding into the Pacific Northwest, Great Basin, and southern California on Tuesday. Read More >
Overview
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After a stretch of relatively dry and mild conditions, a strong low pressure system impacted the Great Lakes bringing the return of winter conditions. Near-record high temperatures were met with rare December thunderstorms as the low pressure system rapidly strengthened as it approached the area. As the storm passed by, high winds with gusts over 60 MPH lead to sporadic power outages and heavy lake effect snow across the west and northwestern snow belts. A hurricane-force wind gust of 75 MPH was also measured at the Stannard Rock Lighthouse on Lake Superior. |
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High Winds:
Gusty winds were observed across the entire Upper Peninsula on Tuesday, December 5th. The strongest winds, at times gusting over 60 MPH, were confined to Lake Superior and the western shore of Lake Superior/along the Keweenaw Peninsula. The strongest winds were reported at Stannard Rock Lighthouse, with sustained winds of 60 MPH and gusts in excess of 70 MPH. More information about winds over Lake Superior are included in the "Marine Weather" tab.
Here is a list of the highest wind reports received during the day on December 12th.
...High Wind Reports from the 12/5 to 12/6 Event... Location Speed Time/Date Lat/Lon/Elev (ft.) ...Michigan... ...Baraga County... 1 SSE Pequaming 53 MPH 0928 AM 12/05 46.84N/88.38W 1 WNW Michigamme 52 MPH 0147 AM 12/05 46.54N/88.13W ...Delta County... 3 N Escanaba 44 MPH 0447 AM 12/05 45.79N/87.08W Rapid River 43 MPH 0719 AM 12/05 45.93N/86.98W 7 SW Steuben 43 MPH 0504 AM 12/05 46.13N/86.58W 2 ENE Ford River 41 MPH 0425 AM 12/05 45.69N/87.11W ...Dickinson County... Kingsford 44 MPH 0716 AM 12/05 45.82N/88.11W ...Gogebic County... Wakefield 49 MPH 0533 AM 12/05 46.48N/89.95W Ironwood Airport 43 MPH 1203 PM 12/05 46.53N/90.13W ...Houghton County... 1 WSW Twin Lakes 62 MPH 0647 AM 12/05 46.88N/88.86W Houghton Co. Airport 61 MPH 0555 PM 12/05 47.17N/88.49W Up. Ent. to Portage Canal 54 MPH 0940 AM 12/05 47.28N/88.53W 1 SW Laurium 52 MPH 0647 PM 12/05 47.22N/88.46W 4 NNW Hancock 49 MPH 0115 PM 12/05 47.19N/88.63W 1 E Trout Creek 48 MPH 0648 AM 12/05 46.48N/88.99W Jacobsville 44 MPH 0700 AM 12/06 47.01N/88.43W 5 SW Gay 41 MPH 0200 PM 12/05 47.18N/88.24W ...Keweenaw County... 4 S Copper Harbor 46 MPH 0400 PM 12/05 47.40N/87.90W Copper Harbor 45 MPH 0713 PM 12/05 47.47N/87.88W ...Luce County... Newberry 54 MPH 0534 AM 12/05 46.31N/85.46W ...Marquette County... 1 E Gwinn 43 MPH 0717 PM 12/05 46.28N/87.42W 3 NE Negaunee 41 MPH 0641 PM 12/05 46.53N/87.55W Marquette Coast Guard 40 MPH 0806 AM 12/05 46.55N/87.38W ...Menominee County... Menominee Airport 41 MPH 0341 AM 12/05 45.13N/87.64W ...Ontonagon County... Ontonagon 59 MPH 0908 AM 12/05 46.89N/89.32W 6 E Mass City 40 MPH 0547 PM 12/05 46.77N/88.95W ...Schoolcraft County... Port Inland 53 MPH 0712 AM 12/05 45.97N/85.87W Cooks 41 MPH 0717 AM 12/05 45.91N/86.48W 1 SW Germfask 40 MPH 0603 AM 12/05 46.24N/85.94W ...Maritime Stations... Stannard Rock 75 MPH 0700 PM 12/05 47.18N/87.22W Passage Island - Isle Royale 60 MPH 0900 AM 12/05 48.22N/88.37W Ojibway - Isle Royale 56 MPH 0824 AM 12/05 48.11N/88.61W Rock of Ages - Isle Royale 53 MPH 0800 AM 12/05 47.87N/89.31W Minneapolis Shoal 49 MPH 0705 AM 12/05 45.58N/87.00W Grand Marais 47 MPH 0840 PM 12/05 46.68N/85.98W Observations are collected from a variety of sources with varying equipment and exposures. We thank all volunteer weather observers for their dedication. Not all data listed are considered official. $$
Marine Weather:
The highest winds for this event were measured on Lake Superior at the Stannard Rock Lighthouse. The station reported wind gusts in excess of 60 MPH from ~4:30 AM 12/5 to 3:00 AM 12/6--over 22 hours straight! At times, the wind was sustained at 60 mph with gusts in excess of 70 MPH! The peak gust at Stannard Rock Lighthouse was 75 MPH at ~ 7:00 PM 12/5.
Below are plots of the wind speed (knots, blue), wind gusts (knots, red), and air pressure (inches of mercury, green) courtesy of the National Data Buoy Center.
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Stannard Rock (Click on the image for larger version) |
Caribou Island (Canada) (Click on the image for larger version) |
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Passage Island - Isle Royale (Click on the image for larger version) |
Rock of Ages - Isle Royale (Click on the image for larger version) |
Snowfall Reports:
While some snow fell along the backside of the system, the majority of the snow from this event will fall as lake effect. As of now, here are the highest wind reports we've received.
...36-hour Snowfall Reports... * Last Updated at 9:00 AM EST 12/6* Location Amount Time/Date Lat/Lon ...Michigan... ...Baraga County... Keweenaw Bay 7.5 in 0500 AM 12/06 46.86N/88.48W Three Lakes 1.0 in 0800 AM 12/06 46.56N/88.21W ...Dickinson County... Norway 0.2 in 0800 AM 12/06 45.78N/87.90W ...Gogebic County... 2 NW Ironwood 6.2 in 0800 AM 12/05 46.47N/90.18W Bessemer 4.0 in 0500 AM 12/05 46.48N/90.05W 12 WSW Watersmeet 0.5 in 0700 AM 12/05 46.22N/89.41W ...Houghton County... Painesdale 11.8 in 0800 AM 12/06 47.03N/88.67W 1 N Hancock 10.0 in 1000 AM 12/05 47.14N/88.60W Kearsarge 9.0 in 0800 AM 12/05 47.28N/88.42W 1 ENE Hancock 7.5 in 0700 AM 12/06 47.14N/88.58W Jacobsville 7.4 in 0700 AM 12/06 47.01N/88.43W Chassell 7.0 in 0800 AM 12/06 47.03N/88.53W 2 E South Range 2.7 in 0800 AM 12/05 47.08N/88.60W 1 E Houghton 1.0 in 1015 AM 12/05 47.11N/88.53W 1 SW Allouez 1.0 in 0800 AM 12/05 47.28N/88.42W Jacobsville 0.6 in 0700 AM 12/05 47.01N/88.43W ...Marquette County... Clarksburg 0.6 in 0700 AM 12/06 46.50N/87.84W NWS Marquette 0.3 in 1200 AM 12/06 46.53N/87.55W Big Bay 9SW 0.3 in 0800 AM 12/05 46.75N/87.88W 2 NW National Mine 0.2 in 0700 AM 12/05 46.49N/87.72W Clarksburg 0.1 in 0700 AM 12/05 46.50N/87.84W Marquette 16.0 NW 0.1 in 0700 AM 12/05 46.71N/87.64W ...Ontonagon County... Ontonagon 8.0 in 0900 PM 12/05 46.87N/89.31W Bergland Dam 4.2 in 0800 AM 12/05 46.59N/89.55W Paulding 0.7 in 0800 AM 12/06 46.40N/89.18W Observations are collected from a variety of sources with varying equipment and exposures. We thank all volunteer weather observers for their dedication. Not all data listed are considered official. $$
Meteorology:
The maps below from the surface through 300 mb (~ 30,000 ft) demonstrate the evolution of the strong and dynamic storm that tracked across western Lake Superior late Monday, Dec. 4th through Tuesday Dec. 5th.
As can be seen in the following three maps at 300 mb (~ 30,000 ft), two upper-level jet streaks (shaded) "coupled" or phased enabling large-scale diffluence (magenta coutours) over the northern Plains. The upper-level trough adopted a strongly-negative tilt as it progressed into the Ohio River Valley, fostering the rapid deepening of the surface low pressure system.
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1:00 PM EST, Dec. 4th, 2017 300mb heights, wind speeds, and divergence |
1:00 AM EST, Dec. 5th, 2017 300mb heights, wind speeds, and divergence |
1:00 PM EST, Dec. 5th, 2017 300mb heights, wind speeds, and divergence |
A similar evolution was evident at 500 mb, or roughly 18,000 feet into the atmosphere. Note the strong 120 knot jet streak over the central Great Lakes.
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1:00 PM EST, Dec. 4th, 2017 500mb heights, temperatures, and wind speeds |
1:00 AM EST, Dec. 5th, 2017 500mb heights, temperatures, and wind speeds |
1:00 PM EST, Dec. 5th, 2017 500mb heights, temperatures, and wind speeds |
The rapid strengthening of the storm is easily visible by examining the 500 mb height falls, which are related to changes in pressure. Notice how the height falls increased significantly with time, hinting at the rapid strengthening of the storm.
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1:00 PM EST, Dec. 4th, 2017 500mb heights and 12-hour height changes |
1:00 AM EST, Dec. 5th, 2017 500mb heights and 12-hour height changes |
1:00 PM EST, Dec. 5th, 2017 500mb heights and 12-hour height changes
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Closer to the ground (~ 5000 ft), strong warm air advection ahead of the surface low contributed to unseasonable warm temperatures on December 4th as well as rare December thunderstorms. With relatively low freezing levels, some thunderstorms produced quite a bit of lightning and even small hail. Also note the strong cold air advection, which factored into the strong winds at the surface.
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1:00 PM EST, Dec. 4th, 2017 850mb heights, temperatures, wind speeds, and moisture |
1:00 AM EST, Dec. 5th, 2017 850mb heights, temperatures, wind speeds, and moisture |
1:00 PM EST, Dec. 5th, 2017 850mb heights, temperatures, wind speeds, and moisture |
At the surface, the rapid deepening of the low pressure system was evident, dropping over 20 mb in a 24 hour period. Also notice how the surface pressure tendency couplet strengthened with time (e.g. red and blue lines). The very strong winds observed on and along the western shore of Lake Superior were enhanced by this pressure tendency couplet, which is known as the isallobaric wind. As the system moved over Lake Superior, rain quickly changed to snow from west to east. Combined with strong westerly winds, many locations along the Keweenaw Peninsula saw blizzard-like conditions.
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1:00 PM EST, Dec. 4th, 2017 Mean sea level pressure, 2-hr pressure changes, and mosaic reflectivity |
1:00 AM EST, Dec. 5th, 2017 Mean sea level pressure, 2-hr pressure changes, and mosaic reflectivity |
1:00 PM EST, Dec. 5th, 2017 Mean sea level pressure, 2-hr pressure changes, and mosaic reflectivity |
Service Provided:
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9:30 AM EST, Nov. 29th, 2017 We first indicated the potential for a pattern change on November 29th by sharing a graphic made by our friends at the NWS office in Gaylord. |
~11:15 am EST, Dec. 3rd, 2017 Soon after, we started highlighting the potential for gusty winds and lake effect snow. The details of the storm were still uncertain owing to model spread in system track and intensity. |
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~6:00 PM EST, Dec. 4th, 2017 A day before the event, maps of the expected snowfall and wind gusts were provided, highlighting the Keweenaw Peninsula as an area where high impact weather was becoming likely. |
6:30 AM EST, Dec. 5th, 2017 Finally, the morning of the event, we posted updated maps of expected snowfall and wind gusts. |
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Media use of NWS Web News Stories is encouraged! Please acknowledge the NWS as the source of any news information accessed from this site. |
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