National Weather Service United States Department of Commerce

Soaring Forecast for Moriarty NM
National Weather Service Albuquerque NM
0721 MDT Friday July 25 2025

This forecast is for Friday, July 25, 2025:

If the trigger temperature of 75.5 F/24.2 C is reached...then
   Thermal Soaring Index....................... Excellent
   Maximum rate of lift........................ 1281 ft/min (6.5 m/s)
   Maximum height of thermals.................. 18415 ft MSL (12081 ft AGL)

Forecast maximum temperature................... 88.0 F/31.6 C
Time of trigger temperature.................... 1015 MDT
Time of overdevelopment........................ None
Middle/high clouds during soaring window....... None
Surface winds during soaring window............ 20 mph or less
Height of the -3 thermal index................. 15989 ft MSL (9655 ft AGL)
Thermal soaring outlook for Saturday 07/26..... Excellent


Remarks... 

Sunrise/Sunset.................... 06:08:50 / 20:12:18 MDT
Total possible sunshine........... 14 hr 3 min 28 sec (843 min 28 sec)
Altitude of sun at 13:10:34 MDT... 74.31 degrees

Upper air data from numerical model forecast valid on 07/25/2025 at 0600 MDT

Freezing level.................. 15452 ft MSL (9118 ft AGL)
Convective condensation level... 14565 ft MSL (8231 ft AGL)
Lifted condensation level....... 16381 ft MSL (10047 ft AGL)
Lifted index.................... -4.5
K index......................... +26.6

Height  Temperature  Wind  Wind Spd  Lapse Rate  ConvectionT  Thermal  Lift Rate
ft MSL  deg C deg F   Dir   kt  m/s  C/km F/kft  deg C deg F   Index    fpm  m/s
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 50000  -62.6 -80.7   225    7    4   2.9   1.6   81.6 178.9    30.0      M    M
 45000  -57.5 -71.5   215   18    9   4.3   2.3   66.9 152.5    22.7      M    M
 40000  -50.8 -59.4   195   39   20   6.0   3.3   55.4 131.7    16.5      M    M
 38000  -47.2 -53.0   195   43   22   6.0   3.3   51.9 125.4    14.5      M    M
 36000  -43.2 -45.8   190   46   24   6.8   3.7   48.8 119.8    12.6      M    M
 34000  -38.6 -37.5   200   31   16   7.6   4.2   46.7 116.1    11.4      M    M
 32000  -34.0 -29.2   225   19   10   7.6   4.2   45.3 113.5    10.6      M    M
 30000  -30.2 -22.4   240   18    9   6.3   3.5   42.5 108.4     8.7      M    M
 29000  -28.3 -18.9   240   18    9   6.3   3.4   41.2 106.2     7.9      M    M
 28000  -26.3 -15.3   245   18    9   7.8   4.3   40.1 104.2     7.1      M    M
 27000  -23.9 -11.0   255   17    9   8.0   4.4   39.3 102.8     6.5      M    M
 26000  -21.5  -6.7   260   16    8   8.0   4.4   38.7 101.7     6.1      M    M
 25000  -19.1  -2.4   270   15    8   7.9   4.3   38.2 100.7     5.7      M    M
 24000  -16.9   1.6   270   13    7   7.4   4.0   37.2  99.0     5.0      M    M
 23000  -14.7   5.5   265   11    6   7.4   4.1   36.4  97.5     4.3      M    M
 22000  -12.5   9.5   255    9    4   7.1   3.9   35.6  96.1     3.7      M    M
 21000  -10.6  12.9   255    7    4   6.6   3.6   34.5  94.0     2.7      M    M
 20000   -8.6  16.5   250    6    3   6.7   3.7   33.4  92.1     1.7      M    M
 19500   -7.2  19.0   250    5    3   6.6   3.6   32.7  90.8     1.0      M    M
 19000   -6.3  20.7   255    4    2   6.5   3.6   32.1  89.8     0.5      M    M
 18500   -5.3  22.5   265    4    2   6.6   3.6   31.6  88.8    -0.0   1079  5.5
 18000   -4.4  24.1   285    3    2   6.1   3.3   31.0  87.8    -0.6   1038  5.3
 17500   -3.6  25.5   310    4    2   6.1   3.4   30.4  86.6    -1.2    997  5.1
 17000   -2.7  27.1   325    4    2   6.1   3.4   29.8  85.6    -1.8    957  4.9
 16500   -1.9  28.6   335    6    3   6.1   3.4   29.1  84.4    -2.4    917  4.7
 16000   -1.0  30.2   345    7    4   6.1   3.4   28.5  83.4    -3.1    876  4.5
 15500    0.0  32.0   345    8    4   8.1   4.5   28.1  82.6    -3.5    830  4.2
 15000    1.2  34.2   345    9    5   7.9   4.3   27.8  82.1    -3.8    781  4.0
 14500    2.4  36.3   340   10    5   8.7   4.8   27.6  81.6    -4.1    729  3.7
 14000    3.7  38.7   335   10    5   8.8   4.8   27.4  81.4    -4.2    675  3.4
 13500    5.0  41.0   330   11    6   8.5   4.7   27.3  81.1    -4.4    621  3.2
 13000    6.2  43.2   320   11    6   8.4   4.6   27.0  80.7    -4.7    571  2.9
 12500    7.4  45.3   315   11    6   8.4   4.6   26.8  80.3    -5.0    520  2.6
 12000    8.6  47.5   305   11    5   8.3   4.6   26.6  79.9    -5.3    469  2.4
 11500    9.8  49.6   295   10    5   7.1   3.9   26.4  79.5    -5.6    418  2.1
 11000   10.8  51.4   290   10    5   7.7   4.2   25.9  78.7    -6.1    374  1.9
 10500   11.9  53.4   280   10    5   7.3   4.0   25.6  78.1    -6.5    327  1.7
 10250   12.4  54.3   280    9    5   7.0   3.9   25.4  77.7    -6.7    304  1.5
 10000   12.9  55.2   275    9    5   7.0   3.8   25.2  77.3    -7.0    282  1.4
  9750   13.4  56.1   275    9    4   7.1   3.9   25.0  76.9    -7.2    260  1.3
  9500   13.9  57.0   270    8    4   6.7   3.7   24.7  76.5    -7.5    238  1.2
  9250   14.3  57.7   265    8    4   6.3   3.5   24.5  76.1    -7.8    217  1.1
  9000   14.7  58.5   255    7    3   5.6   3.0   24.2  75.6    -8.1    197  1.0
  8750   15.1  59.2   245    6    3   5.0   2.7   23.8  74.9    -8.5    178  0.9
  8500   15.5  59.9   235    5    3   4.7   2.6   23.5  74.3    -8.9    160  0.8
  8250   15.8  60.4   225    5    3   4.2   2.3   23.1  73.5    -9.3    143  0.7
  8000   16.1  61.0   215    5    2   4.1   2.3   22.6  72.8    -9.7    126  0.6
  7750   16.4  61.5   205    4    2   3.3   1.8   22.2  71.9   -10.2    110  0.6
  7500   16.6  61.9   195    4    2   3.1   1.7   21.7  71.0   -10.7     96  0.5
  7250   16.8  62.2   200    4    2   2.8   1.5   21.2  70.1   -11.3     84  0.4
  7000   17.0  62.6   200    3    2   3.8   2.1   20.7  69.2   -11.9     71  0.4
  6750   17.1  62.8   205    3    2   0.2   0.1   20.2  68.3   -12.5     58  0.3
  6500   16.7  62.1   210    3    1 -10.4  -5.7   19.1  66.3   -13.6     63  0.3
  6250      M     M     M    M    M     M     M      M     M       M      M    M

 * * * * * * Numerical weather prediction model forecast data valid * * * * * * 

           07/25/2025 at 0900 MDT          |       07/25/2025 at 1200 MDT        
                                           |
CAPE...  +244.5    LI...       -1.7        | CAPE...  +368.7    LI...       -1.8
CINH...   -86.3    K Index... +25.1        | CINH...    -0.8    K Index... +27.3
                                           |
Height Temperature  Wnd WndSpd  Lapse Rate | Temperature  Wnd WndSpd  Lapse Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F  Dir kt m/s  C/km F/kft | deg C deg F  Dir kt m/s  C/km F/kft
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 50000 -63.0 -81.4  170   9  5   3.0   1.7 | -63.3 -81.9  180  19 10   3.0   1.6
 45000 -57.3 -71.1  195  16  8   5.2   2.8 | -57.6 -71.7  200  24 12   5.3   2.9
 40000 -49.6 -57.3  200  33 17   5.0   2.7 | -49.8 -57.6  220  35 18   4.9   2.7
 38000 -46.6 -51.9  200  34 18   5.0   2.7 | -46.9 -52.4  215  32 17   4.9   2.7
 36000 -43.3 -45.9  200  36 18   6.1   3.3 | -43.6 -46.5  215  30 15   6.3   3.4
 34000 -39.0 -38.2  215  29 15   7.2   4.0 | -39.2 -38.6  220  29 15   7.3   4.0
 32000 -34.6 -30.3  235  24 12   7.3   4.0 | -34.8 -30.6  230  28 15   7.5   4.1
 30000 -29.7 -21.5  240  21 11   8.3   4.5 | -29.8 -21.6  230  24 12   8.3   4.6
 29000 -27.2 -17.0  245  20 10   8.3   4.5 | -27.3 -17.1  230  22 11   8.3   4.6
 28000 -24.8 -12.6  250  18  9   6.5   3.5 | -24.9 -12.8  230  20 10   6.6   3.6
 27000 -22.9  -9.2  255  15  8   6.4   3.5 | -22.9  -9.2  230  16  8   6.7   3.7
 26000 -21.0  -5.8  260  13  6   6.4   3.5 | -20.9  -5.6  230  12  6   6.7   3.7
 25000 -19.1  -2.4  270  10  5   6.8   3.7 | -18.9  -2.0  225   8  4   7.2   3.9
 24000 -16.8   1.8  270   8  4   7.9   4.3 | -16.5   2.3  215   7  4   8.1   4.4
 23000 -14.5   5.9  265   7  3   7.9   4.3 | -14.1   6.6  210   7  3   8.1   4.4
 22000 -12.1  10.2  255   5  2   7.0   3.8 | -11.7  10.9  200   6  3   6.9   3.8
 21000 -10.5  13.1  250   5  3   5.6   3.1 | -10.1  13.8  210   6  3   5.5   3.0
 20000  -8.5  16.7  250   6  3   5.9   3.2 |  -8.5  16.7  220   7  3   5.6   3.1
 19500  -7.7  18.1  250   7  4   6.3   3.5 |  -7.3  18.9  230   7  4   5.8   3.2
 19000  -6.7  19.9  250   6  3   6.7   3.7 |  -6.5  20.3  240   7  4   6.0   3.3
 18500  -5.7  21.7  255   6  3   6.8   3.7 |  -5.7  21.7  245   7  4   6.2   3.4
 18000  -4.7  23.5  260   5  3   7.2   3.9 |  -4.8  23.4  255   7  4   7.0   3.9
 17500  -3.7  25.3  270   5  2   7.1   3.9 |  -3.8  25.2  260   7  4   7.0   3.8
 17000  -2.7  27.1  280   4  2   7.1   3.9 |  -2.8  27.0  265   7  4   7.4   4.0
 16500  -1.7  28.9  295   4  2   7.1   3.9 |  -1.7  28.9  270   7  4   7.6   4.2
 16000  -0.6  30.9  310   4  2   7.2   3.9 |  -0.6  30.9  275   7  4   7.6   4.1
 15500   0.5  32.9  320   5  2   7.6   4.2 |   0.4  32.7  275   7  4   7.0   3.9
 15000   1.6  34.9  325   5  3   7.5   4.1 |   1.4  34.5  280   8  4   7.0   3.8
 14500   2.8  37.0  325   6  3   8.5   4.6 |   2.5  36.5  280   8  4   8.8   4.8
 14000   4.1  39.4  325   7  4   8.5   4.7 |   3.8  38.8  285   8  4   8.8   4.8
 13500   5.3  41.5  325   8  4   8.6   4.7 |   5.1  41.2  285   9  4   9.0   5.0
 13000   6.6  43.9  320   8  4   8.7   4.8 |   6.4  43.5  285   9  5   9.1   5.0
 12500   7.9  46.2  315   9  4   8.5   4.7 |   7.8  46.0  285   9  5   9.3   5.1
 12000   9.0  48.2  305   9  5   8.4   4.6 |   9.2  48.6  285   9  5   9.4   5.2
 11500  10.2  50.4  295   9  5   7.3   4.0 |  10.6  51.1  285   9  5   9.2   5.0
 11000  11.3  52.3  285  10  5   8.5   4.6 |  12.0  53.6  285   9  5  10.0   5.5
 10500  12.4  54.3  275  10  5   6.8   3.7 |  13.4  56.1  285   9  5   8.9   4.9
 10250  12.8  55.0  270  11  5   5.4   3.0 |  14.1  57.4  285   9  5   8.8   4.8
 10000  13.2  55.8  270  11  6   6.9   3.8 |  14.8  58.6  285   9  5  10.2   5.6
  9750  13.7  56.7  265  11  6   7.2   3.9 |  15.5  59.9  285   9  5  10.0   5.5
  9500  14.2  57.6  265  11  6   6.4   3.5 |  16.3  61.3  285   9  5  10.2   5.6
  9250  14.6  58.3  265  11  6   5.7   3.1 |  17.0  62.6  285   9  5  10.3   5.6
  9000  15.0  59.0  260  11  5   5.6   3.1 |  17.8  64.0  285   9  5   9.9   5.4
  8750  15.4  59.7  260  10  5   5.5   3.0 |  18.5  65.3  285   9  5   9.6   5.3
  8500  15.8  60.4  260  10  5   4.8   2.7 |  19.2  66.6  285   9  5   9.9   5.4
  8250  16.0  60.8  260   9  5   4.2   2.3 |  20.0  68.0  285   9  5  10.0   5.5
  8000  16.3  61.3  260   8  4   4.4   2.4 |  20.7  69.3  285   9  5  10.0   5.5
  7750  16.7  62.1  255   7  4   5.5   3.0 |  21.4  70.5  285   9  5  10.0   5.5
  7500  17.1  62.8  255   6  3   8.3   4.5 |  22.2  72.0  285   9  5  10.1   5.6
  7250  17.8  64.0  255   6  3   9.8   5.4 |  23.0  73.4  285   9  5  10.5   5.8
  7000  18.5  65.3  255   5  3   8.9   4.9 |  23.7  74.7  285   9  4   9.5   5.2
  6750  19.2  66.6  250   5  2  10.9   6.0 |  24.5  76.1  280   9  4  13.7   7.5
  6500  20.2  68.4  250   4  2  16.1   8.8 |  25.9  78.6  280   8  4  24.8  13.6
  6250     M     M    M   M  M     M     M |     M     M    M   M  M     M     M

           07/25/2025 at 1500 MDT          |       07/25/2025 at 1800 MDT        
                                           |
CAPE...  +256.6    LI...       -1.6        | CAPE...   +24.3    LI...       -0.3
CINH...     0.0    K Index... +29.4        | CINH...   -11.7    K Index... +27.6
                                           |
Height Temperature  Wnd WndSpd  Lapse Rate | Temperature  Wnd WndSpd  Lapse Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F  Dir kt m/s  C/km F/kft | deg C deg F  Dir kt m/s  C/km F/kft
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 50000 -63.8 -82.8  190  25 13   3.2   1.7 | -63.8 -82.8  200  23 12   2.7   1.5
 45000 -57.9 -72.2  210  30 15   5.5   3.0 | -58.4 -73.1  205  30 15   5.1   2.8
 40000 -49.7 -57.5  220  34 18   4.9   2.7 | -50.6 -59.1  215  29 15   6.2   3.4
 38000 -46.8 -52.2  225  32 17   4.9   2.7 | -46.9 -52.4  240  25 13   6.2   3.4
 36000 -43.4 -46.1  230  30 15   6.0   3.3 | -43.2 -45.8  265  27 14   6.2   3.4
 34000 -39.2 -38.6  235  28 15   7.0   3.8 | -38.6 -37.5  260  25 13   6.9   3.8
 32000 -35.1 -31.2  240  27 14   7.2   3.9 | -34.4 -29.9  255  23 12   7.2   3.9
 30000 -30.0 -22.0  240  25 13   8.5   4.7 | -29.5 -21.1  245  22 11   8.3   4.6
 29000 -27.5 -17.5  245  24 12   8.6   4.7 | -27.0 -16.6  240  22 11   8.4   4.6
 28000 -25.0 -13.0  245  23 12   6.8   3.7 | -24.6 -12.3  235  21 11   7.2   3.9
 27000 -22.9  -9.2  240  19 10   6.9   3.8 | -22.4  -8.3  235  18  9   7.2   4.0
 26000 -20.9  -5.6  235  16  8   6.9   3.8 | -20.3  -4.5  235  16  8   7.2   4.0
 25000 -18.8  -1.8  220  12  6   7.1   3.9 | -18.1  -0.6  235  13  7   7.3   4.0
 24000 -16.6   2.1  220  13  6   7.6   4.2 | -15.9   3.4  235  13  7   7.4   4.1
 23000 -14.3   6.3  215  13  7   7.6   4.2 | -13.6   7.5  235  13  7   7.4   4.1
 22000 -12.0  10.4  215  13  7   6.6   3.6 | -11.4  11.5  230  13  7   6.5   3.6
 21000 -10.5  13.1  220  12  6   5.4   3.0 |  -9.8  14.4  235  12  6   5.5   3.0
 20000  -8.9  16.0  230  11  6   5.6   3.1 |  -8.2  17.2  240  11  6   5.6   3.0
 19500  -8.1  17.4  235  11  6   5.7   3.1 |  -7.4  18.7  245  10  5   5.7   3.1
 19000  -7.1  19.2  240   9  5   5.0   2.7 |  -6.4  20.5  240   8  4   4.9   2.7
 18500  -6.5  20.3  245   7  4   4.8   2.6 |  -5.8  21.6  235   7  4   4.9   2.7
 18000  -5.5  22.1  250   6  3   9.3   5.1 |  -4.9  23.2  230   6  3   8.7   4.7
 17500  -4.3  24.3  250   6  3   8.9   4.9 |  -3.7  25.3  235   6  3   8.5   4.6
 17000  -3.0  26.6  255   5  3   9.2   5.0 |  -2.5  27.5  235   5  3   9.0   4.9
 16500  -1.6  29.1  255   5  3   9.3   5.1 |  -1.1  30.0  240   5  3   9.4   5.2
 16000  -0.2  31.6  260   5  3   9.4   5.1 |   0.3  32.5  240   6  3   9.4   5.2
 15500   1.2  34.2  260   5  3   9.5   5.2 |   1.7  35.1  245   6  3   9.7   5.3
 15000   2.6  36.7  260   5  3   9.5   5.2 |   3.1  37.6  245   6  3   9.7   5.3
 14500   4.0  39.2  265   5  3   9.5   5.2 |   4.6  40.3  245   6  3   9.6   5.3
 14000   5.4  41.7  265   5  3   9.5   5.2 |   6.0  42.8  245   6  3   9.6   5.3
 13500   6.8  44.2  265   5  3   9.6   5.3 |   7.4  45.3  245   6  3   9.8   5.4
 13000   8.2  46.8  265   6  3   9.6   5.3 |   8.9  48.0  250   7  3   9.9   5.4
 12500   9.7  49.5  265   6  3   9.4   5.2 |  10.4  50.7  250   7  4   9.8   5.4
 12000  11.0  51.8  265   6  3   9.3   5.1 |  11.8  53.2  250   7  4   9.7   5.3
 11500  12.4  54.3  270   6  3   9.8   5.4 |  13.3  55.9  250   7  4   9.5   5.2
 11000  13.9  57.0  270   7  4   9.5   5.2 |  14.7  58.5  250   8  4   9.7   5.3
 10500  15.4  59.7  270   7  4   9.0   4.9 |  16.2  61.2  250   8  4   8.9   4.9
 10250  16.0  60.8  270   8  4   9.3   5.1 |  16.8  62.2  250   8  4   9.1   5.0
 10000  16.8  62.2  270   8  4  10.4   5.7 |  17.6  63.7  250   8  4  10.4   5.7
  9750  17.5  63.5  270   8  4  10.1   5.5 |  18.3  64.9  250   9  4  10.0   5.5
  9500  18.3  64.9  270   9  4  10.3   5.7 |  19.1  66.4  250   9  4  10.4   5.7
  9250  19.1  66.4  270   9  5  10.5   5.8 |  19.9  67.8  255   9  5  10.6   5.8
  9000  19.8  67.6  270   9  5   9.9   5.4 |  20.7  69.3  255   9  5   9.8   5.4
  8750  20.5  68.9  270   9  5   9.4   5.1 |  21.4  70.5  255   9  5   9.3   5.1
  8500  21.2  70.2  270  10  5   9.8   5.4 |  22.1  71.8  255   9  5   9.4   5.2
  8250  22.0  71.6  270  10  5  10.1   5.5 |  22.8  73.0  255  10  5   9.3   5.1
  8000  22.7  72.9  270  10  5   9.9   5.4 |  23.5  74.3  255  10  5   9.6   5.2
  7750  23.5  74.3  270  10  5   9.6   5.3 |  24.2  75.6  255  10  5  10.0   5.5
  7500  24.2  75.6  270  11  5  10.1   5.5 |  24.9  76.8  255  10  5  10.1   5.5
  7250  25.0  77.0  270  11  5  10.7   5.9 |  25.7  78.3  255  10  5  10.1   5.6
  7000  25.7  78.3  270  11  6   9.8   5.4 |  26.5  79.7  255  10  5  10.0   5.5
  6750  26.5  79.7  270  11  6  12.7   6.9 |  27.2  81.0  255  10  5  10.6   5.8
  6500  27.8  82.0  270  11  5  23.3  12.8 |  28.1  82.6  255  10  5  13.9   7.6
  6250     M     M    M   M  M     M     M |     M     M    M   M  M     M     M
________________________________________________________________________________

This product is issued once per day, at approximately 730 AM local 
time. It is not continuously monitored nor updated after its initial 
issuance. 

The information contained herein is based on numerical weather prediction
model data for the Moriarty Municipal Airport site in Moriarty, New Mexico at

                   North Latitude:  34.9781667 deg
                   West Longitude: 106.0000278 deg
                   Elevation: 6204.2 feet (1891.0 meters)

and may not be representative of other areas along and east of the Sandia
and Manzano Mountains. Note that some elevations in numerical weather
prediction models differ from actual station elevations, which can lead to
data which appear to be below ground.  Erroneous data such as these should
not be used.

The content and format of this report as well as the issuance times are subject
to change without prior notice.  Comments are welcome and should be directed
to one of the addresses or phone numbers shown at the bottom of this page.

DEFINITIONS:

CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy) - An integrated measure of the
     energy available for convective development, also known as the positive 
     area on a thermodynamic diagram.  Units are Joules per kilogram.  Larger
     values are indicative of greater instability and the possibility of 
     stronger convective activity, including thunderstorms.  Values around or
     greater than 1000 suggest the possibility of severe weather should
     convective activity develop.

CINH (Convective Inhibition) - An integrated measure of the amount of energy
     needed to initiate convective activity, also known as the negative area on
     a thermodynamic diagram.  Units are Joules per kilogram.  The more negative
     this number, the more energy is required to initiate convection.  This
     inhibitive energy can be overcome through surface heating, cooling aloft,
     lifting mechanisms (orographic, frontal, gravity waves, etc.)

Convective Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the
     average saturation mixing ratio in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass,
     if heated sufficiently from below, will rise dry adiabatically until it 
     just becomes saturated.  It estimates the base of cumulus clouds that are
     produced by surface heating only.

Convection Temperature (ConvectionT) - The surface temperature required to make
     the airmass dry adiabatic up to the given level.  It can be considered a
     "trigger temperature" for that level.

Freezing Level - The height where the temperature is zero degrees Celsius.

Height of Stable Layer - The height (between 12,000 and 18,000 feet above 
     mean sea level) where the smallest lapse rate exists.  The location and
     existence of this feature is important in the generation of mountain 
     waves.

K Index - A measure of stability which combines the temperature difference
     between approximately 5,000 and 18,000 feet above the surface, the amount
     of moisture at approximately 5,000 feet above the surface, and a measure
     of the dryness at approximately 10,000 feet above the surface.  Larger 
     positive numbers indicate more instability and a greater likelihood of 
     thunderstorm development.  One interpretation of K index values regarding
     soaring in the western United States is given in WMO Technical Note 158 
     and is reproduced in the following table:

          below -10    no or weak thermals
           -10 to 5    dry thermals or 1/8 cumulus with moderate thermals
            5 to 15    good soaring conditions
           15 to 20    good soaring conditions with occasional showers
           20 to 30    excellent soaring conditions, but increasing
                       probability of showers and thunderstorms
           above 30    more than 60 percent probability of thunderstorms

Lapse Rate - The change with height of the temperature. Negative values indicate
     inversions. 

Lifted Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the 
     average dew point in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass and the forecast
     maximum temperature must be lifted dry adiabatically to attain saturation.

Lifted Index (LI) - The difference between the environmental temperature at a
     level approximately 18,000 feet above the surface and the temperature of
     an air parcel lifted dry adiabatically from the surface to its lifted
     condensation level and then pseudoadiabatically thereafter to this same
     level.  The parcel's initial temperature is the forecast maximum 
     temperature and its dew point is the average dew point in the lowest 4000
     feet of the airmass.  Negative values are indicative of instability with
     positive values showing stable conditions.

Lift Rate - An experimental estimate of the strength of thermals.  It is
     computed the same way as the maximum rate of lift but uses the actual
     level rather than the maximum height of thermals in the calculation.
     Also, none of the empirical adjustments based on cloudiness and K-index
     are applied to these calculations.

Maximum Height of Thermals - The height where the dry adiabat through the
     forecast maximum temperature intersects the environmental temperature.

Maximum Rate of Lift - An estimate of the maximum strength of thermals.  It 
     is computed from an empirical formula which combines the expected maximum
     height of thermals with the difference in the environmental temperatures 
     between the maximum height of thermals and the temperature 4,000 feet 
     above the ground.  After this computation, further empirical adjustments
     are made based on the value of the K-index and the amount and opacity of
     middle and high level cloudiness expected between the time of trigger
     temperature and the time of overdevelopment.  

Middle/High Clouds - The amount and opacity of middle (altostratus, altocumulus)
     or high (cirrus, cirrostratus, cirrocumulus) clouds.  Broken means that
     between 60% and 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud, with overcast
     conditions occurring when more than 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud.
     Thin implies that the clouds are predominantly transparent, meaning that
     some sunlight is reaching the ground, in contrast to opaque which suggests
     that little sunlight is reaching the ground.
  
Potential Height of Wave - The minimum of the following two heights: 
     1. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists)
        where the wind direction changes by 30 degrees or more
     2. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists)
        where the wind speed no longer increases with height

PVA/NVA - Positive vorticity advection (PVA)/negative vorticity advection (NVA)
     on the 500 millibar isobaric surface (approximately 18,000 feet above mean
     sea level).  Weak PVA has been shown to assist in mountain wave soaring.

Soaring Window - The time between the time the trigger temperature is reached
                 and the time of overdevelopment.

Thermal Index - The difference between the environmental temperature and the
     temperature at a particular level determined by following the dry adiabat
     through the forecast maximum temperature up to that level.  Negative values
     are indicative of thermal lift.

Thermal Soaring Index - An adjective rating (for sailplanes) based on the 
     computed maximum rate of lift, and the wind speed and middle and high
     cloud cover expected during the soaring window (the time of the trigger
     temperature and the time of overdevelopment) according to the following:

                 Maximum rate of lift        Adjective Rating
                      >= 800 fpm                 Excellent
                 >= 400 and < 800 fpm              Good
                 >= 200 and < 400 fpm              Fair
                       < 200 fpm                   Poor  

Time of Overdevelopment - The time one or more of the following phenomena,
     which essentially shut off thermal lift, is expected to occur:
     1. formation of broken to overcast convective cloud cover
     2. formation of scattered to numerous downbursts
     3. initiation of widespread precipitation

Time of Trigger Temperature - The time the surface temperature is expected to
     reach the trigger temperature.

Trigger Temperature - The surface temperature required to make the first 4000
     feet of the atmosphere dry adiabatic.

Wave Soaring Index - An empirical, adjective rating (for sailplanes) which 
     attempts to combine a variety of phenomena important in mountain wave
     soaring into a single index number.  Objective points are assigned to
     these phenomena: wind speed and direction at 14,000 ft MSL, the static
     stability in the 12,000-18,000 ft MSL layer, the wind speed gradient above
     the stable layer, jet stream location and frontal and upper trough 
     movements.

042613

Soaring Forecast for Albuquerque NM
National Weather Service Albuquerque NM
0721 MDT Friday July 25 2025

This forecast is for Friday, July 25, 2025:

If the trigger temperature of 78.1 F/25.6 C is reached...then
   Thermal Soaring Index....................... Excellent
   Maximum rate of lift........................ 1368 ft/min (6.9 m/s)
   Maximum height of thermals.................. 18719 ft MSL (13036 ft AGL)

Forecast maximum temperature................... 91.0 F/33.2 C
Time of trigger temperature.................... 1045 MDT
Time of overdevelopment........................ None
Middle/high clouds during soaring window....... None
Surface winds during soaring window............ 20 mph or less
Height of the -3 thermal index................. 15384 ft MSL (9701 ft AGL)
Thermal soaring outlook for Saturday 07/26..... Excellent


Remarks... 

Sunrise/Sunset.................... 06:11:11 / 20:14:55 MDT
Total possible sunshine........... 14 hr 3 min 44 sec (843 min 44 sec)
Altitude of sun at 13:13:03 MDT... 74.16 degrees

Upper air data from numerical model forecast valid on 07/25/2025 at 0600 MDT

Freezing level.................. 15588 ft MSL (9905 ft AGL)
Convective condensation level... 14058 ft MSL (8375 ft AGL)
Lifted condensation level....... 15821 ft MSL (10138 ft AGL)
Lifted index.................... -5.1
K index......................... +27.6

Height  Temperature  Wind  Wind Spd  Lapse Rate  ConvectionT  Thermal  Lift Rate
ft MSL  deg C deg F   Dir   kt  m/s  C/km F/kft  deg C deg F   Index    fpm  m/s
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 50000  -62.7 -80.9   220   10    5   2.6   1.4   83.9 183.0    30.2      M    M
 45000  -57.6 -71.7   210   19   10   4.9   2.7   69.2 156.6    23.0      M    M
 40000  -50.2 -58.4   200   38   19   5.2   2.9   58.8 137.8    17.5      M    M
 38000  -47.0 -52.6   200   34   18   5.2   2.9   54.5 130.1    15.0      M    M
 36000  -43.5 -46.3   200   30   16   5.9   3.2   50.5 123.0    12.6      M    M
 34000  -39.2 -38.6   215   25   13   7.3   4.0   48.2 118.7    11.2      M    M
 32000  -34.8 -30.6   235   22   11   7.3   4.0   46.4 115.5    10.2      M    M
 30000  -30.6 -23.1   240   20   10   7.1   3.9   44.2 111.5     8.7      M    M
 29000  -28.4 -19.1   240   19   10   7.1   3.9   43.2 109.8     8.1      M    M
 28000  -26.3 -15.3   240   18    9   7.7   4.2   42.4 108.3     7.5      M    M
 27000  -23.9 -11.0   245   17    9   7.9   4.3   41.5 106.8     6.9      M    M
 26000  -21.6  -6.9   250   16    8   7.9   4.3   40.8 105.5     6.4      M    M
 25000  -19.2  -2.6   255   15    8   7.8   4.3   40.2 104.4     6.0      M    M
 24000  -17.1   1.2   255   13    7   7.1   3.9   39.2 102.6     5.2      M    M
 23000  -14.4   6.1   255   11    6   7.1   3.9   38.0 100.4     4.3      M    M
 22000  -12.4   9.7   255    9    5   6.3   3.5   37.1  98.8     3.6      M    M
 21000  -10.6  12.9   255    9    5   6.2   3.4   35.7  96.3     2.4      M    M
 20000   -8.8  16.2   250    9    5   6.4   3.5   34.6  94.2     1.3      M    M
 19500   -7.9  17.8   245    9    5   6.5   3.6   34.0  93.2     0.8      M    M
 19000   -7.0  19.4   245    8    4   6.9   3.8   33.5  92.3     0.3      M    M
 18500   -6.0  21.2   245    6    3   7.0   3.8   33.0  91.4    -0.3   1146  5.8
 18000   -5.1  22.8   245    4    2   7.1   3.9   32.5  90.6    -0.8   1102  5.6
 17500   -4.0  24.8   250    3    2   7.1   3.9   32.1  89.8    -1.2   1056  5.4
 17000   -3.0  26.6   265    2    1   7.2   3.9   31.7  89.0    -1.6   1010  5.1
 16500   -1.9  28.6   290    2    1   7.3   4.0   31.2  88.2    -2.1    964  4.9
 16000   -0.9  30.4   310    3    1   7.3   4.0   30.8  87.5    -2.5    918  4.7
 15500    0.2  32.4   315    3    2   7.3   4.0   30.4  86.7    -2.9    871  4.4
 15000    1.2  34.2   315    4    2   7.3   4.0   30.0  86.0    -3.3    825  4.2
 14500    2.3  36.1   315    5    3   8.2   4.5   29.6  85.4    -3.7    778  4.0
 14000    3.6  38.5   310    6    3   8.5   4.7   29.4  85.0    -3.9    725  3.7
 13500    4.8  40.6   305    6    3   8.7   4.8   29.2  84.6    -4.1    673  3.4
 13000    6.1  43.0   295    6    3   8.9   4.9   29.1  84.4    -4.3    619  3.1
 12500    7.4  45.3   285    6    3   8.8   4.8   29.0  84.1    -4.5    566  2.9
 12000    8.6  47.5   270    7    4   8.4   4.6   28.8  83.8    -4.8    515  2.6
 11500    9.8  49.6   255    8    4   8.3   4.5   28.6  83.4    -5.1    464  2.4
 11000   10.9  51.6   250    9    5   7.2   4.0   28.2  82.8    -5.4    417  2.1
 10500   12.0  53.6   245   10    5   7.3   4.0   27.9  82.1    -5.9    370  1.9
 10250   12.5  54.5   240   10    5   6.8   3.7   27.6  81.8    -6.1    348  1.8
 10000   12.9  55.2   235   10    5   6.4   3.5   27.4  81.3    -6.4    327  1.7
  9750   13.4  56.1   235   10    5   7.0   3.8   27.1  80.8    -6.7    306  1.6
  9500   13.8  56.8   230   10    5   5.1   2.8   26.9  80.4    -7.0    285  1.4
  9250   14.1  57.4   225   10    5   5.0   2.8   26.5  79.6    -7.5    269  1.4
  9000   15.0  59.0   215    9    5   6.6   3.6   25.9  78.7    -8.1    228  1.2
  8750   15.4  59.7   210    9    5   5.6   3.1   25.7  78.2    -8.4    207  1.1
  8500   15.8  60.4   205    9    5   6.0   3.3   25.3  77.6    -8.7    189  1.0
  8250   16.3  61.3   200    9    4   7.9   4.3   25.2  77.3    -9.0    165  0.8
  8000   16.9  62.4   195    8    4   7.9   4.3   25.0  77.0    -9.1    141  0.7
  7750   17.5  63.5   195    7    4   7.6   4.2   24.9  76.8    -9.3    116  0.6
  7500   18.0  64.4   190    6    3   6.9   3.8   24.7  76.4    -9.5     92  0.5
  7250   18.5  65.3   185    5    2   5.9   3.3   24.4  76.0    -9.8     70  0.4
  7000   18.9  66.0   170    4    2   5.3   2.9   24.1  75.4   -10.1     51  0.3
  6750   19.3  66.7   155    3    2   4.6   2.5   23.8  74.8   -10.5     33  0.2
  6500   19.6  67.3   135    3    1   3.8   2.1   23.3  74.0   -11.0     16  0.1
  6250   19.8  67.6   115    3    1   4.2   2.3   22.9  73.2   -11.4      1  0.0
  6000   20.0  68.0   105    3    2  -0.6  -0.3   22.4  72.3   -12.0      M    M
  5750   19.1  66.4   100    3    1 -27.6 -15.2   20.8  69.5   -13.6      7  0.0
  5500      M     M     M    M    M     M     M      M     M       M      M    M

 * * * * * * Numerical weather prediction model forecast data valid * * * * * * 

           07/25/2025 at 0900 MDT          |       07/25/2025 at 1200 MDT        
                                           |
CAPE...  +356.3    LI...       -2.3        | CAPE...  +379.2    LI...       -1.7
CINH...   -94.9    K Index... +25.7        | CINH...   -16.2    K Index... +26.2
                                           |
Height Temperature  Wnd WndSpd  Lapse Rate | Temperature  Wnd WndSpd  Lapse Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F  Dir kt m/s  C/km F/kft | deg C deg F  Dir kt m/s  C/km F/kft
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 50000 -62.7 -80.9  175  12  6   2.8   1.5 | -63.1 -81.6  175  20 10   2.8   1.5
 45000 -57.0 -70.6  200  18  9   5.7   3.1 | -57.8 -72.0  200  25 13   5.0   2.8
 40000 -48.8 -55.8  210  32 16   4.2   2.3 | -50.2 -58.4  220  39 20   5.1   2.8
 38000 -46.0 -50.8  205  32 17   4.2   2.3 | -46.7 -52.1  220  34 18   5.1   2.8
 36000 -43.4 -46.1  205  33 17   5.1   2.8 | -43.7 -46.7  220  30 16   5.9   3.2
 34000 -39.5 -39.1  215  29 15   6.8   3.7 | -39.5 -39.1  220  30 15   7.0   3.8
 32000 -35.4 -31.7  230  27 14   6.7   3.7 | -35.4 -31.7  225  29 15   7.0   3.9
 30000 -30.6 -23.1  235  24 12   8.2   4.5 | -30.3 -22.5  230  27 14   8.5   4.7
 29000 -28.1 -18.6  240  22 11   8.2   4.5 | -27.8 -18.0  230  26 13   8.5   4.7
 28000 -25.7 -14.3  245  20 11   7.3   4.0 | -25.3 -13.5  230  24 12   7.3   4.0
 27000 -23.6 -10.5  245  17  9   7.0   3.9 | -23.2  -9.8  230  20 10   7.2   3.9
 26000 -21.5  -6.7  250  14  7   7.0   3.9 | -21.0  -5.8  225  16  8   7.2   3.9
 25000 -19.4  -2.9  255  11  6   7.1   3.9 | -18.9  -2.0  220  13  6   7.2   4.0
 24000 -17.2   1.0  255   9  5   7.5   4.1 | -16.7   1.9  215  11  5   7.4   4.1
 23000 -14.4   6.1  250   8  4   7.5   4.1 | -13.9   7.0  205   9  4   7.4   4.1
 22000 -12.3   9.9  245   7  4   5.8   3.2 | -11.7  10.9  200   7  4   5.9   3.2
 21000 -10.6  12.9  245   7  3   5.5   3.0 | -10.0  14.0  210   8  4   5.8   3.2
 20000  -9.0  15.8  240   6  3   5.6   3.1 |  -8.3  17.1  215   8  4   5.9   3.2
 19500  -8.2  17.2  235   6  3   6.0   3.3 |  -7.5  18.5  215   8  4   5.9   3.2
 19000  -7.3  18.9  235   6  3   6.8   3.7 |  -6.6  20.1  220   8  4   5.9   3.3
 18500  -6.4  20.5  235   6  3   7.0   3.8 |  -5.8  21.6  225   7  4   5.9   3.2
 18000  -5.4  22.3  235   6  3   7.3   4.0 |  -4.9  23.2  235   7  4   6.9   3.8
 17500  -4.4  24.1  230   6  3   7.4   4.1 |  -3.9  25.0  235   7  4   7.1   3.9
 17000  -3.4  25.9  230   6  3   7.6   4.1 |  -2.9  26.8  240   8  4   7.3   4.0
 16500  -2.3  27.9  235   5  3   7.7   4.2 |  -1.9  28.6  240   8  4   7.4   4.1
 16000  -1.2  29.8  245   5  3   7.7   4.2 |  -0.9  30.4  240   9  4   7.5   4.1
 15500  -0.0  32.0  250   6  3   8.0   4.4 |   0.2  32.4  245   9  5   8.3   4.5
 15000   1.2  34.2  260   6  3   7.9   4.3 |   1.4  34.5  245   9  5   8.2   4.5
 14500   2.3  36.1  265   6  3   8.4   4.6 |   2.6  36.7  250  10  5   8.7   4.8
 14000   3.6  38.5  270   7  3   8.5   4.7 |   3.9  39.0  255  10  5   8.8   4.8
 13500   4.9  40.8  270   7  4   8.8   4.8 |   5.2  41.4  260  10  5   9.0   4.9
 13000   6.2  43.2  270   8  4   9.0   5.0 |   6.6  43.9  265  10  5   9.2   5.0
 12500   7.5  45.5  270   8  4   9.1   5.0 |   8.0  46.4  270  10  5   9.1   5.0
 12000   8.9  48.0  270   9  4   9.1   5.0 |   9.3  48.7  270   9  5   8.9   4.9
 11500  10.2  50.4  270   9  5   8.8   4.8 |  10.7  51.3  275   9  4   8.5   4.6
 11000  11.5  52.7  270   9  4   7.9   4.3 |  11.7  53.1  275   8  4   6.9   3.8
 10500  12.7  54.9  270   8  4   8.2   4.5 |  12.7  54.9  270   6  3   7.0   3.9
 10250  13.2  55.8  265   8  4   6.3   3.4 |  13.1  55.6  270   6  3   7.3   4.0
 10000  13.6  56.5  265   7  4   4.9   2.7 |  13.6  56.5  265   6  3   7.4   4.1
  9750  13.9  57.0  260   7  4   5.9   3.2 |  14.1  57.4  265   5  3   7.3   4.0
  9500  14.3  57.7  255   6  3   3.4   1.8 |  14.6  58.3  260   5  3   7.9   4.3
  9250  14.3  57.7  245   6  3   2.9   1.6 |  15.3  59.5  260   5  3   9.1   5.0
  9000  14.6  58.3  240   6  3   5.0   2.8 |  15.9  60.6  255   5  3   9.4   5.1
  8750  15.1  59.2  225   6  3   4.6   2.5 |  16.6  61.9  255   5  2   9.6   5.3
  8500  15.4  59.7  220   6  3   5.9   3.2 |  17.9  64.2  250   5  2   9.0   4.9
  8250  15.9  60.6  215   6  3   7.3   4.0 |  18.6  65.5  250   5  2  10.5   5.8
  8000  16.4  61.5  215   5  3   7.2   3.9 |  19.4  66.9  250   5  2  10.4   5.7
  7750  16.9  62.4  215   5  3   7.3   4.0 |  20.2  68.4  250   5  2   9.5   5.2
  7500  17.5  63.5  220   5  2   7.8   4.3 |  20.8  69.4  250   5  2   9.2   5.0
  7250  18.1  64.6  220   4  2   9.3   5.1 |  21.6  70.9  250   4  2  10.9   6.0
  7000  18.8  65.8  225   4  2  10.0   5.5 |  22.4  72.3  250   4  2  11.2   6.2
  6750  19.5  67.1  225   3  2   9.7   5.3 |  23.2  73.8  250   4  2  10.1   5.5
  6500  20.3  68.5  230   3  2   9.9   5.4 |  23.9  75.0  245   4  2   9.8   5.4
  6250  21.0  69.8  230   3  2   9.0   4.9 |  24.7  76.5  245   4  2   9.7   5.3
  6000  21.7  71.1  235   3  1  10.7   5.9 |  25.5  77.9  245   4  2  14.5   8.0
  5750  23.1  73.6  240   3  1  33.0  18.1 |  27.5  81.5  245   4  2  48.5  26.6
  5500     M     M    M   M  M     M     M |     M     M    M   M  M     M     M

           07/25/2025 at 1500 MDT          |       07/25/2025 at 1800 MDT        
                                           |
CAPE...  +143.0    LI...       -0.5        | CAPE...    +0.6    LI...       +0.7
CINH...    -6.7    K Index... +27.3        | CINH...    -0.5    K Index... +20.3
                                           |
Height Temperature  Wnd WndSpd  Lapse Rate | Temperature  Wnd WndSpd  Lapse Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F  Dir kt m/s  C/km F/kft | deg C deg F  Dir kt m/s  C/km F/kft
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 50000 -63.3 -81.9  190  24 12   2.8   1.5 | -63.4 -82.1  200  23 12   2.5   1.4
 45000 -58.0 -72.4  210  32 16   5.0   2.7 | -58.5 -73.3  210  31 16   4.8   2.6
 40000 -50.5 -58.9  220  41 21   5.2   2.9 | -51.1 -60.0  225  35 18   6.2   3.4
 38000 -47.4 -53.3  230  37 19   5.2   2.9 | -47.4 -53.3  240  32 16   6.2   3.4
 36000 -43.9 -47.0  240  34 18   6.0   3.3 | -43.2 -45.8  260  33 17   6.7   3.7
 34000 -39.7 -39.5  240  31 16   6.9   3.8 | -38.9 -38.0  255  29 15   7.2   3.9
 32000 -35.6 -32.1  240  28 14   7.0   3.8 | -34.6 -30.3  250  24 12   7.3   4.0
 30000 -30.4 -22.7  240  25 13   8.8   4.8 | -29.8 -21.6  240  23 12   8.2   4.5
 29000 -27.8 -18.0  235  24 13   8.9   4.9 | -27.3 -17.1  230  22 11   8.2   4.5
 28000 -25.2 -13.4  235  23 12   7.1   3.9 | -25.0 -13.0  225  22 11   7.2   4.0
 27000 -23.1  -9.6  230  20 10   6.9   3.8 | -22.8  -9.0  225  19 10   7.2   3.9
 26000 -21.1  -6.0  225  17  9   6.9   3.8 | -20.7  -5.3  230  16  8   7.2   3.9
 25000 -19.0  -2.2  215  15  8   7.1   3.9 | -18.6  -1.5  230  14  7   7.2   4.0
 24000 -16.8   1.8  215  14  7   7.5   4.1 | -16.4   2.5  230  13  7   7.3   4.0
 23000 -14.5   5.9  210  13  7   7.5   4.1 | -14.1   6.6  225  13  6   7.4   4.0
 22000 -11.7  10.9  210  13  6   6.1   3.4 | -11.5  11.3  225  12  6   5.3   2.9
 21000 -10.0  14.0  215  13  7   6.1   3.3 | -10.0  14.0  240  11  6   5.2   2.8
 20000  -8.2  17.2  220  13  7   6.2   3.4 |  -8.5  16.7  255  11  6   5.4   3.0
 19500  -7.3  18.9  225  14  7   6.0   3.3 |  -7.8  18.0  260  11  6   5.6   3.1
 19000  -6.5  20.3  225  13  7   5.8   3.2 |  -7.0  19.4  265  11  6   5.9   3.2
 18500  -5.7  21.7  230  13  6   5.8   3.2 |  -6.2  20.8  265  11  5   5.8   3.2
 18000  -4.8  23.4  235  12  6   6.9   3.8 |  -5.2  22.6  270  10  5   8.8   4.8
 17500  -3.9  25.0  235  11  6   7.1   3.9 |  -3.9  25.0  270  10  5   9.0   4.9
 17000  -2.9  26.8  240  10  5   7.5   4.1 |  -2.6  27.3  265  10  5   9.2   5.1
 16500  -1.8  28.8  240  10  5   8.1   4.4 |  -1.2  29.8  265  10  5   9.6   5.3
 16000  -0.6  30.9  245   9  5   8.1   4.4 |   0.3  32.5  265   9  5   9.6   5.3
 15500   0.6  33.1  245   9  4   8.8   4.8 |   1.7  35.1  265   9  5   9.7   5.3
 15000   1.8  35.2  245   8  4   8.7   4.8 |   3.1  37.6  265   9  5   9.7   5.3
 14500   3.1  37.6  245   8  4   9.4   5.2 |   4.6  40.3  260   9  5   9.8   5.4
 14000   4.6  40.3  245   7  4   9.5   5.2 |   6.0  42.8  260   9  4   9.8   5.4
 13500   6.0  42.8  245   7  4   9.6   5.3 |   7.5  45.5  260   8  4   9.7   5.3
 13000   7.4  45.3  245   7  3   9.6   5.3 |   8.9  48.0  260   8  4   9.6   5.3
 12500   8.8  47.8  245   7  3   9.7   5.3 |  10.4  50.7  255   8  4   9.6   5.3
 12000  10.3  50.5  245   6  3   9.7   5.3 |  11.8  53.2  255   8  4   9.6   5.3
 11500  11.7  53.1  250   6  3   9.5   5.2 |  13.3  55.9  255   7  4   9.6   5.3
 11000  13.1  55.6  250   6  3   8.8   4.8 |  14.7  58.5  250   7  4   9.4   5.2
 10500  14.5  58.1  250   6  3  10.6   5.8 |  16.2  61.2  250   7  4  10.7   5.9
 10250  15.3  59.5  250   6  3  10.0   5.5 |  17.0  62.6  250   7  3   9.8   5.4
 10000  16.0  60.8  250   5  3   9.5   5.2 |  17.7  63.9  250   7  3   9.3   5.1
  9750  16.7  62.1  250   5  3   9.5   5.2 |  18.4  65.1  245   6  3   9.3   5.1
  9500  17.4  63.3  250   5  3  10.2   5.6 |  19.1  66.4  245   6  3   9.6   5.3
  9250  18.2  64.8  250   5  3  10.2   5.6 |  19.8  67.6  245   6  3  10.0   5.5
  9000  18.9  66.0  245   5  2   9.4   5.2 |  20.5  68.9  240   6  3   9.8   5.4
  8750  19.6  67.3  245   5  2   9.9   5.4 |  21.3  70.3  240   6  3  10.3   5.6
  8500  20.4  68.7  245   4  2   8.7   4.8 |  22.0  71.6  240   6  3   8.7   4.7
  8250  21.0  69.8  245   4  2   9.4   5.2 |  22.6  72.7  235   6  3   9.1   5.0
  8000  22.6  72.7  245   4  2  10.9   6.0 |  24.2  75.6  230   5  3  10.7   5.9
  7750  23.4  74.1  245   4  2   9.5   5.2 |  25.0  77.0  230   5  3   9.5   5.2
  7500  24.0  75.2  245   3  2   8.8   4.8 |  25.6  78.1  230   5  3   8.6   4.7
  7250  24.7  76.5  245   3  2  10.8   5.9 |  26.3  79.3  225   5  3  10.2   5.6
  7000  25.6  78.1  245   3  2  11.4   6.2 |  27.1  80.8  225   5  2  11.0   6.0
  6750  26.4  79.5  240   3  2  10.4   5.7 |  27.9  82.2  220   5  2  10.1   5.6
  6500  27.1  80.8  240   3  1  10.0   5.5 |  28.6  83.5  220   5  2   9.6   5.3
  6250  27.9  82.2  240   3  1   9.5   5.2 |  29.4  84.9  215   4  2   9.2   5.1
  6000  28.7  83.7  240   3  1  14.1   7.7 |  30.1  86.2  215   4  2  11.7   6.4
  5750  30.8  87.4  240   2  1  53.4  29.3 |  31.6  88.9  205   4  2  33.7  18.5
  5500     M     M    M   M  M     M     M |     M     M    M   M  M     M     M
________________________________________________________________________________

This product is issued once per day, at approximately 730 AM.
It is not continuously monitored nor updated after its initial
issuance. 

The information contained herein is based on rawinsonde observation and/or
numerical weather prediction model data taken at the Albuquerque International
Sunport site in Albuquerque, New Mexico at

                   North Latitude:  35.03806 deg
                   West Longitude: 106.62194 deg
                   Elevation: 5298.6 feet (1615 meters)

and may not be representative of other areas, especially along and east of 
the Sandia and Manzano Mountains. Note that some elevations in numerical weather
prediction models differ from actual station elevations, which can lead to
data which appear to be below ground.  Erroneous data such as these should
not be used.

The content and format of this report as well as the issuance times are subject
to change without prior notice.  Comments are welcome and should be directed
to one of the addresses or phone numbers shown at the bottom of this page.

DEFINITIONS:

CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy) - An integrated measure of the
     energy available for convective development, also known as the positive 
     area on a thermodynamic diagram.  Units are Joules per kilogram.  Larger
     values are indicative of greater instability and the possibility of 
     stronger convective activity, including thunderstorms.  Values around or
     greater than 1000 suggest the possibility of severe weather should
     convective activity develop.

CINH (Convective Inhibition) - An integrated measure of the amount of energy
     needed to initiate convective activity, also known as the negative area on
     a thermodynamic diagram.  Units are Joules per kilogram.  The more negative
     this number, the more energy is required to initiate convection.  This
     inhibitive energy can be overcome through surface heating, cooling aloft,
     lifting mechanisms (orographic, frontal, gravity waves, etc.)

Convective Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the
     average saturation mixing ratio in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass,
     if heated sufficiently from below, will rise dry adiabatically until it 
     just becomes saturated.  It estimates the base of cumulus clouds that are
     produced by surface heating only.

Convection Temperature (ConvectionT) - The surface temperature required to make
     the airmass dry adiabatic up to the given level.  It can be considered a
     "trigger temperature" for that level.

Freezing Level - The height where the temperature is zero degrees Celsius.

Height of Stable Layer - The height (between 12,000 and 18,000 feet above 
     mean sea level) where the smallest lapse rate exists.  The location and
     existence of this feature is important in the generation of mountain 
     waves.

K Index - A measure of stability which combines the temperature difference
     between approximately 5,000 and 18,000 feet above the surface, the amount
     of moisture at approximately 5,000 feet above the surface, and a measure
     of the dryness at approximately 10,000 feet above the surface.  Larger 
     positive numbers indicate more instability and a greater likelihood of 
     thunderstorm development.  One interpretation of K index values regarding
     soaring in the western United States is given in WMO Technical Note 158 
     and is reproduced in the following table:

          below -10    no or weak thermals
           -10 to 5    dry thermals or 1/8 cumulus with moderate thermals
            5 to 15    good soaring conditions
           15 to 20    good soaring conditions with occasional showers
           20 to 30    excellent soaring conditions, but increasing
                       probability of showers and thunderstorms
           above 30    more than 60 percent probability of thunderstorms

Lapse Rate - The change with height of the temperature. Negative values indicate
     inversions. 

Lifted Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the 
     average dew point in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass and the forecast
     maximum temperature must be lifted dry adiabatically to attain saturation.

Lifted Index (LI) - The difference between the environmental temperature at a
     level approximately 18,000 feet above the surface and the temperature of
     an air parcel lifted dry adiabatically from the surface to its lifted
     condensation level and then pseudoadiabatically thereafter to this same
     level.  The parcel's initial temperature is the forecast maximum 
     temperature and its dew point is the average dew point in the lowest 4000
     feet of the airmass.  Negative values are indicative of instability with
     positive values showing stable conditions.

Lift Rate - An experimental estimate of the strength of thermals.  It is
     computed the same way as the maximum rate of lift but uses the actual
     level rather than the maximum height of thermals in the calculation.
     Also, none of the empirical adjustments based on cloudiness and K-index
     are applied to these calculations.

Maximum Height of Thermals - The height where the dry adiabat through the
     forecast maximum temperature intersects the environmental temperature.

Maximum Rate of Lift - An estimate of the maximum strength of thermals.  It 
     is computed from an empirical formula which combines the expected maximum
     height of thermals with the difference in the environmental temperatures 
     between the maximum height of thermals and the temperature 4,000 feet 
     above the ground.  After this computation, further empirical adjustments
     are made based on the value of the K-index and the amount and opacity of
     middle and high level cloudiness expected between the time of trigger
     temperature and the time of overdevelopment.  

Middle/High Clouds - The amount and opacity of middle (altostratus, altocumulus)
     or high (cirrus, cirrostratus, cirrocumulus) clouds.  Broken means that
     between 60% and 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud, with overcast
     conditions occurring when more than 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud.
     Thin implies that the clouds are predominantly transparent, meaning that
     some sunlight is reaching the ground, in contrast to opaque which suggests
     that little sunlight is reaching the ground.
  
Potential Height of Wave - The minimum of the following two heights: 
     1. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists)
        where the wind direction changes by 30 degrees or more
     2. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists)
        where the wind speed no longer increases with height

PVA/NVA - Positive vorticity advection (PVA)/negative vorticity advection (NVA)
     on the 500 millibar isobaric surface (approximately 18,000 feet above mean
     sea level).  Weak PVA has been shown to assist in mountain wave soaring.

Soaring Window - The time between the time the trigger temperature is reached
                 and the time of overdevelopment.

Thermal Index - The difference between the environmental temperature and the
     temperature at a particular level determined by following the dry adiabat
     through the forecast maximum temperature up to that level.  Negative values
     are indicative of thermal lift.

Thermal Soaring Index - An adjective rating (for sailplanes) based on the 
     computed maximum rate of lift, and the wind speed and middle and high
     cloud cover expected during the soaring window (the time of the trigger
     temperature and the time of overdevelopment) according to the following:

                 Maximum rate of lift        Adjective Rating
                      >= 800 fpm                 Excellent
                 >= 400 and < 800 fpm              Good
                 >= 200 and < 400 fpm              Fair
                       < 200 fpm                   Poor  

Time of Overdevelopment - The time one or more of the following phenomena,
     which essentially shut off thermal lift, is expected to occur:
     1. formation of broken to overcast convective cloud cover
     2. formation of scattered to numerous downbursts
     3. initiation of widespread precipitation

Time of Trigger Temperature - The time the surface temperature is expected to
     reach the trigger temperature.

Trigger Temperature - The surface temperature required to make the first 4000
     feet of the atmosphere dry adiabatic.

Wave Soaring Index - An empirical, adjective rating (for sailplanes) which 
     attempts to combine a variety of phenomena important in mountain wave
     soaring into a single index number.  Objective points are assigned to
     these phenomena: wind speed and direction at 14,000 ft MSL, the static
     stability in the 12,000-18,000 ft MSL layer, the wind speed gradient above
     the stable layer, jet stream location and frontal and upper trough 
     movements.

042613

Soaring Forecast for Santa Fe NM
National Weather Service Albuquerque NM
0725 MDT Friday July 25 2025

This forecast is for Friday, July 25, 2025:

If the trigger temperature of 74.8 F/23.8 C is reached...then
   Thermal Soaring Index....................... Excellent
   Maximum rate of lift........................ 1184 ft/min (6.0 m/s)
   Maximum height of thermals.................. 19588 ft MSL (13130 ft AGL)

Forecast maximum temperature................... 89.0 F/32.1 C
Time of trigger temperature.................... 1000 MDT
Time of overdevelopment........................ None
Middle/high clouds during soaring window....... None
Surface winds during soaring window............ 20 mph or less
Height of the -3 thermal index................. 16699 ft MSL (10242 ft AGL)
Thermal soaring outlook for Saturday 07/26..... Excellent


Remarks... 

Sunrise/Sunset.................... 06:07:47 / 20:14:07 MDT
Total possible sunshine........... 14 hr 6 min 20 sec (846 min 20 sec)
Altitude of sun at 13:10:57 MDT... 73.68 degrees

Upper air data from numerical model forecast valid on 07/25/2025 at 0600 MDT

Freezing level.................. 15521 ft MSL (9063 ft AGL)
Convective condensation level... 14938 ft MSL (8480 ft AGL)
Lifted condensation level....... 16940 ft MSL (10482 ft AGL)
Lifted index.................... -4.6
K index......................... +24.4

Height  Temperature  Wind  Wind Spd  Lapse Rate  ConvectionT  Thermal  Lift Rate
ft MSL  deg C deg F   Dir   kt  m/s  C/km F/kft  deg C deg F   Index    fpm  m/s
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 50000  -62.5 -80.5   235   11    6   2.6   1.4   81.5 178.8    29.6      M    M
 45000  -57.6 -71.7   220   21   11   4.5   2.5   66.6 151.9    22.2      M    M
 40000  -50.6 -59.1   195   41   21   5.7   3.1   55.6 132.1    16.2      M    M
 38000  -46.7 -52.1   195   41   21   5.8   3.2   51.4 124.5    13.8      M    M
 36000  -43.3 -45.9   195   41   21   6.2   3.4   48.4 119.2    12.0      M    M
 34000  -39.0 -38.2   205   31   16   7.3   4.0   46.1 115.0    10.6      M    M
 32000  -34.6 -30.3   230   24   12   7.5   4.1   44.3 111.8     9.5      M    M
 30000  -31.0 -23.8   235   20   10   5.9   3.3   41.3 106.4     7.4      M    M
 29000  -29.2 -20.6   240   19   10   5.9   3.3   39.9 103.9     6.4      M    M
 28000  -27.4 -17.3   245   17    9   8.0   4.4   38.7 101.7     5.5      M    M
 27000  -24.7 -12.5   250   16    8   8.9   4.9   38.3 100.9     5.2      M    M
 26000  -22.0  -7.6   255   15    8   8.9   4.9   38.0 100.3     5.0      M    M
 25000  -19.4  -2.9   260   15    8   8.9   4.9   37.8 100.0     4.9      M    M
 24000  -16.6   2.1   255   13    7   7.2   3.9   36.6  97.9     4.0      M    M
 23000  -14.5   5.9   245   12    6   7.2   3.9   35.7  96.3     3.3      M    M
 22000  -12.4   9.7   235   10    5   6.5   3.6   34.8  94.7     2.6      M    M
 21000  -10.5  13.1   240    9    4   6.4   3.5   33.6  92.4     1.4      M    M
 20000   -8.7  16.3   250    7    4   6.5   3.6   32.4  90.4     0.4      M    M
 19500   -7.8  18.0   255    6    3   6.6   3.6   31.9  89.5    -0.1   1174  6.0
 19000   -6.8  19.8   265    6    3   6.9   3.8   31.4  88.5    -0.6   1130  5.7
 18500   -5.9  21.4   275    6    3   6.9   3.8   30.9  87.6    -1.1   1086  5.5
 18000   -4.9  23.2   290    6    3   6.7   3.7   30.4  86.8    -1.6   1042  5.3
 17500   -4.0  24.8   305    7    4   6.6   3.6   29.9  85.8    -2.1    999  5.1
 17000   -3.0  26.6   315    8    4   6.6   3.6   29.4  84.9    -2.7    956  4.9
 16500   -2.1  28.2   320    9    5   6.6   3.6   28.8  83.9    -3.2    913  4.6
 16000   -1.1  30.0   325   10    5   6.5   3.6   28.3  83.0    -3.7    870  4.4
 15500   -0.1  31.8   325   11    6   8.2   4.5   27.9  82.3    -4.1    823  4.2
 15000    1.2  34.2   325   12    6   8.2   4.5   27.7  81.8    -4.4    771  3.9
 14500    2.4  36.3   320   13    6   8.3   4.6   27.4  81.4    -4.6    719  3.7
 14000    3.7  38.7   315   13    7   8.3   4.6   27.2  81.0    -4.8    667  3.4
 13500    4.9  40.8   310   14    7   8.4   4.6   27.0  80.6    -5.0    614  3.1
 13000    6.2  43.2   305   14    7   8.5   4.7   26.8  80.2    -5.3    562  2.9
 12500    7.5  45.5   300   14    7   8.4   4.6   26.6  79.9    -5.5    509  2.6
 12000    8.6  47.5   295   14    7   7.8   4.3   26.3  79.3    -5.9    461  2.3
 11500    9.6  49.3   285   13    6   8.3   4.6   26.0  78.8    -6.3    415  2.1
 11000   11.1  52.0   275   11    6   6.9   3.8   25.4  77.7    -7.1    348  1.8
 10500   12.0  53.6   270   10    5   6.1   3.3   24.9  76.9    -7.7    308  1.6
 10250   12.4  54.3   270    9    5   6.1   3.4   24.6  76.3    -8.0    288  1.5
 10000   12.8  55.0   265    8    4   6.4   3.5   24.4  75.8    -8.3    267  1.4
  9750   13.3  55.9   265    7    4   6.3   3.5   24.1  75.4    -8.6    247  1.3
  9500   13.7  56.7   260    6    3   6.4   3.5   23.8  74.9    -8.9    226  1.1
  9250   14.2  57.6   260    5    3   5.7   3.1   23.6  74.4    -9.2    204  1.0
  9000   14.6  58.3   255    4    2   5.2   2.8   23.2  73.8    -9.6    185  0.9
  8750   15.0  59.0   255    3    2   5.3   2.9   22.9  73.2    -9.9    166  0.8
  8500   15.4  59.7   250    3    1   5.4   2.9   22.6  72.6   -10.3    147  0.7
  8250   15.7  60.3   245    2    1   5.2   2.9   22.2  72.0   -10.6    128  0.7
  8000   16.1  61.0   230    1    1   4.8   2.6   21.9  71.3   -11.0    110  0.6
  7750   16.4  61.5   210    1    0   4.5   2.5   21.5  70.6   -11.5     93  0.5
  7500   16.7  62.1   185    1    0   4.4   2.4   21.1  69.9   -11.9     76  0.4
  7250   17.0  62.6   150    1    0   4.4   2.4   20.7  69.2   -12.4     60  0.3
  7000   17.4  63.3   125    1    0   4.5   2.5   20.3  68.5   -12.8     43  0.2
  6750   17.5  63.5   110    1    1  -2.6  -1.4   19.7  67.5   -13.4     32  0.2
  6500   16.2  61.2   105    1    1 -38.5 -21.1   17.7  63.9   -15.5     64  0.3

 * * * * * * Numerical weather prediction model forecast data valid * * * * * * 

           07/25/2025 at 0900 MDT          |       07/25/2025 at 1200 MDT        
                                           |
CAPE...   +88.9    LI...       -1.9        | CAPE...  +403.1    LI...       -1.8
CINH...  -122.6    K Index... +24.0        | CINH...   -13.0    K Index... +24.2
                                           |
Height Temperature  Wnd WndSpd  Lapse Rate | Temperature  Wnd WndSpd  Lapse Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F  Dir kt m/s  C/km F/kft | deg C deg F  Dir kt m/s  C/km F/kft
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 50000 -62.8 -81.0  185  10  5   2.9   1.6 | -63.1 -81.6  180  19 10   2.5   1.4
 45000 -57.0 -70.6  200  15  8   5.8   3.2 | -57.7 -71.9  200  23 12   5.6   3.1
 40000 -48.5 -55.3  205  34 17   4.2   2.3 | -49.5 -57.1  220  36 18   4.5   2.4
 38000 -45.7 -50.3  200  36 19   4.2   2.3 | -46.5 -51.7  215  33 17   4.4   2.4
 36000 -43.2 -45.8  200  39 20   5.0   2.7 | -43.8 -46.8  215  31 16   5.4   2.9
 34000 -39.2 -38.6  210  32 16   6.8   3.7 | -39.6 -39.3  220  30 15   7.1   3.9
 32000 -35.2 -31.4  230  26 14   6.7   3.7 | -35.4 -31.7  230  29 15   7.0   3.9
 30000 -30.7 -23.3  240  23 12   7.7   4.2 | -30.5 -22.9  230  27 14   8.3   4.6
 29000 -28.4 -19.1  245  21 11   7.7   4.2 | -28.0 -18.4  230  25 13   8.4   4.6
 28000 -26.1 -15.0  250  20 10   7.4   4.1 | -25.5 -13.9  230  23 12   7.2   4.0
 27000 -23.9 -11.0  250  16  8   7.4   4.0 | -23.5 -10.3  230  18  9   6.9   3.8
 26000 -21.7  -7.1  255  13  6   7.4   4.0 | -21.4  -6.5  225  14  7   6.9   3.8
 25000 -18.9  -2.0  260   9  4   7.7   4.2 | -18.8  -1.8  210   8  4   7.6   4.2
 24000 -16.6   2.1  255   8  4   7.8   4.3 | -16.5   2.3  210   8  4   7.8   4.3
 23000 -14.2   6.4  250   7  3   7.9   4.3 | -14.1   6.6  205   8  4   7.8   4.3
 22000 -12.0  10.4  245   6  3   5.8   3.2 | -11.8  10.8  205   7  4   6.1   3.3
 21000 -10.5  13.1  250   7  4   5.2   2.9 | -10.2  13.6  220   7  4   5.7   3.1
 20000  -9.0  15.8  250   8  4   5.4   3.0 |  -8.5  16.7  235   7  4   5.8   3.2
 19500  -8.2  17.2  250   9  4   6.0   3.3 |  -7.7  18.1  240   7  4   5.8   3.2
 19000  -7.2  19.0  255   9  5   7.7   4.2 |  -6.8  19.8  250   8  4   6.0   3.3
 18500  -6.1  21.0  255  10  5   7.7   4.2 |  -6.0  21.2  255   8  4   6.0   3.3
 18000  -5.0  23.0  260  10  5   7.5   4.1 |  -5.1  22.8  260   9  5   7.1   3.9
 17500  -4.0  24.8  265   9  5   7.5   4.1 |  -4.1  24.6  265  10  5   7.3   4.0
 17000  -2.9  26.8  270   9  5   7.4   4.1 |  -3.1  26.4  270  11  6   7.6   4.2
 16500  -1.9  28.6  275   8  4   7.1   3.9 |  -2.0  28.4  275  11  6   8.0   4.4
 16000  -0.8  30.6  285   7  4   7.1   3.9 |  -0.9  30.4  280  12  6   8.0   4.4
 15500   0.2  32.4  300   7  4   7.8   4.3 |   0.3  32.5  280  12  6   8.5   4.7
 15000   1.4  34.5  305   7  4   7.8   4.3 |   1.6  34.9  285  12  6   8.4   4.6
 14500   2.5  36.5  315   7  4   8.2   4.5 |   2.8  37.0  290  11  6   8.6   4.7
 14000   3.8  38.8  310   8  4   8.3   4.6 |   4.1  39.4  290  11  6   8.6   4.7
 13500   5.0  41.0  310   9  4   8.3   4.6 |   5.4  41.7  290  11  6   8.8   4.8
 13000   6.3  43.3  305   9  5   8.3   4.5 |   6.7  44.1  295  11  6   8.9   4.9
 12500   7.5  45.5  295  10  5   8.2   4.5 |   8.0  46.4  295  11  5   8.7   4.8
 12000   8.6  47.5  290  11  6   8.0   4.4 |   9.2  48.6  290  10  5   8.2   4.5
 11500   9.7  49.5  280  11  6   8.1   4.4 |  10.4  50.7  290  10  5   9.3   5.1
 11000  10.7  51.3  275  12  6   6.9   3.8 |  12.1  53.8  285   9  5   7.6   4.2
 10500  12.1  53.8  265  12  6   5.5   3.0 |  13.1  55.6  285   8  4   8.2   4.5
 10250  12.4  54.3  265  11  6   5.6   3.1 |  13.8  56.8  285   8  4   8.8   4.8
 10000  12.8  55.0  265  11  5   5.9   3.2 |  14.4  57.9  285   8  4   8.6   4.7
  9750  13.2  55.8  260  10  5   5.9   3.2 |  15.0  59.0  280   7  4   8.9   4.9
  9500  13.6  56.5  260   9  5   6.0   3.3 |  15.7  60.3  280   7  4   9.6   5.3
  9250  14.0  57.2  265   8  4   5.9   3.2 |  16.4  61.5  280   7  4   9.6   5.3
  9000  14.5  58.1  265   7  4   5.8   3.2 |  17.1  62.8  280   7  4   9.3   5.1
  8750  14.9  58.8  265   6  3   5.7   3.1 |  17.8  64.0  275   7  3   9.6   5.2
  8500  15.3  59.5  270   5  2   5.2   2.8 |  18.5  65.3  275   7  3   9.9   5.5
  8250  15.7  60.3  280   3  2   5.8   3.2 |  19.2  66.6  275   6  3  10.1   5.5
  8000  16.2  61.2  295   3  1   7.2   4.0 |  20.0  68.0  275   6  3  10.0   5.5
  7750  16.8  62.2  305   2  1   8.3   4.6 |  20.7  69.3  275   6  3  10.2   5.6
  7500  17.4  63.3  310   2  1   9.1   5.0 |  21.5  70.7  270   6  3  10.5   5.7
  7250  18.1  64.6  325   2  1   8.9   4.9 |  22.3  72.1  270   6  3  10.5   5.7
  7000  18.7  65.7  335   2  1   9.7   5.3 |  23.0  73.4  270   6  3  10.4   5.7
  6750  19.6  67.3  335   2  1  13.6   7.4 |  23.9  75.0  270   6  3  16.8   9.2
  6500  20.8  69.4  335   2  1  21.3  11.7 |  26.1  79.0  270   6  3  49.9  27.4

           07/25/2025 at 1500 MDT          |       07/25/2025 at 1800 MDT        
                                           |
CAPE...  +184.8    LI...       -1.0        | CAPE...    +3.9    LI...        0.0
CINH...    -3.9    K Index... +23.9        | CINH...    -5.0    K Index... +20.2
                                           |
Height Temperature  Wnd WndSpd  Lapse Rate | Temperature  Wnd WndSpd  Lapse Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F  Dir kt m/s  C/km F/kft | deg C deg F  Dir kt m/s  C/km F/kft
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 50000 -63.0 -81.4  190  25 13   2.8   1.5 | -63.4 -82.1  205  22 11   2.4   1.3
 45000 -57.5 -71.5  205  30 16   5.4   3.0 | -58.3 -72.9  210  30 16   5.2   2.9
 40000 -49.6 -57.3  225  39 20   4.6   2.5 | -50.4 -58.7  220  35 18   5.8   3.2
 38000 -46.5 -51.7  225  36 18   4.6   2.5 | -46.5 -51.7  245  31 16   5.8   3.2
 36000 -43.7 -46.7  230  33 17   5.4   2.9 | -43.1 -45.6  265  32 17   6.3   3.4
 34000 -39.7 -39.5  235  31 16   6.8   3.7 | -38.9 -38.0  260  29 15   7.0   3.8
 32000 -35.6 -32.1  235  28 14   6.7   3.7 | -34.8 -30.6  255  26 13   6.9   3.8
 30000 -30.6 -23.1  240  27 14   8.6   4.7 | -30.1 -22.2  245  25 13   8.0   4.4
 29000 -28.1 -18.6  240  26 14   8.6   4.7 | -27.7 -17.9  245  24 12   8.0   4.4
 28000 -25.6 -14.1  245  26 13   7.2   4.0 | -25.3 -13.5  240  23 12   7.4   4.1
 27000 -23.5 -10.3  235  22 11   6.9   3.8 | -23.2  -9.8  240  21 11   7.3   4.0
 26000 -21.5  -6.7  230  19 10   6.9   3.8 | -21.0  -5.8  235  18  9   7.3   4.0
 25000 -19.4  -2.9  215  17  9   6.9   3.8 | -18.8  -1.8  230  16  8   7.3   4.0
 24000 -16.7   1.9  215  15  8   7.3   4.0 | -16.1   3.0  225  15  8   7.2   4.0
 23000 -14.5   5.9  215  14  7   7.3   4.0 | -13.9   7.0  225  14  7   7.3   4.0
 22000 -12.4   9.7  215  13  6   6.4   3.5 | -11.8  10.8  220  13  7   5.8   3.2
 21000 -10.6  12.9  225  10  5   6.3   3.5 | -10.2  13.6  230   9  5   5.6   3.1
 20000  -8.7  16.3  240   8  4   6.5   3.5 |  -8.6  16.5  250   6  3   5.8   3.2
 19500  -7.8  18.0  250   8  4   6.8   3.7 |  -7.8  18.0  270   5  2   6.5   3.6
 19000  -6.8  19.8  260   7  4   7.5   4.1 |  -6.6  20.1  290   5  2   8.1   4.4
 18500  -5.7  21.7  270   7  4   7.5   4.1 |  -5.5  22.1  305   5  3   8.1   4.4
 18000  -4.6  23.7  280   7  3   8.0   4.4 |  -4.3  24.3  310   6  3   8.5   4.7
 17500  -3.4  25.9  285   7  4   8.2   4.5 |  -3.0  26.6  305   7  4   8.6   4.7
 17000  -2.3  27.9  290   7  4   8.2   4.5 |  -1.8  28.8  305   8  4   8.6   4.7
 16500  -1.1  30.0  290   7  4   8.2   4.5 |  -0.6  30.9  290   8  4   8.4   4.6
 16000   0.1  32.2  290   7  4   8.2   4.5 |   0.6  33.1  280   8  4   8.3   4.6
 15500   1.3  34.3  290   8  4   9.1   5.0 |   1.9  35.4  275   9  4   9.8   5.4
 15000   2.6  36.7  285   8  4   9.0   4.9 |   3.3  37.9  270   9  5   9.7   5.3
 14500   3.9  39.0  280   8  4   9.4   5.2 |   4.8  40.6  265   9  5   9.6   5.3
 14000   5.3  41.5  280   8  4   9.5   5.2 |   6.2  43.2  260   9  5   9.6   5.2
 13500   6.7  44.1  275   8  4   9.6   5.3 |   7.6  45.7  260  10  5   9.6   5.3
 13000   8.1  46.6  275   8  4   9.6   5.3 |   9.1  48.4  255  10  5   9.8   5.4
 12500   9.6  49.3  270   8  4   9.6   5.3 |  10.5  50.9  255  10  5   9.7   5.3
 12000  11.0  51.8  270   9  4   9.5   5.2 |  12.0  53.6  250  11  5   9.5   5.2
 11500  12.4  54.3  265   9  5   9.2   5.0 |  13.4  56.1  250  11  6   9.9   5.4
 11000  13.8  56.8  260   9  5   9.8   5.4 |  14.8  58.6  245  11  6   9.5   5.2
 10500  15.9  60.6  260   9  5   9.7   5.3 |  16.3  61.3  245  12  6   9.5   5.2
 10250  16.7  62.1  255  10  5   9.8   5.4 |  17.7  63.9  245  12  6   9.8   5.4
 10000  17.4  63.3  255  10  5   9.8   5.4 |  18.4  65.1  245  12  6   9.7   5.3
  9750  18.1  64.6  255  10  5   9.8   5.4 |  19.1  66.4  240  13  6   9.7   5.3
  9500  18.9  66.0  250  10  5   9.7   5.3 |  19.9  67.8  240  13  7  10.1   5.5
  9250  19.6  67.3  250  10  5   9.9   5.4 |  20.6  69.1  240  13  7  10.0   5.5
  9000  20.3  68.5  250  11  6  10.0   5.5 |  21.4  70.5  240  13  7   9.5   5.2
  8750  21.1  70.0  245  11  6  10.0   5.5 |  22.1  71.8  240  13  7   9.7   5.3
  8500  21.8  71.2  245  11  6   9.9   5.4 |  22.8  73.0  235  14  7   9.7   5.3
  8250  22.5  72.5  245  11  6  10.1   5.5 |  23.5  74.3  235  14  7   9.9   5.4
  8000  23.3  73.9  245  11  6  10.5   5.8 |  24.3  75.7  235  14  7  10.0   5.5
  7750  24.1  75.4  245  11  6  10.5   5.8 |  25.0  77.0  235  14  7  10.0   5.5
  7500  24.9  76.8  240  12  6  10.3   5.6 |  25.8  78.4  235  14  7   9.9   5.5
  7250  25.6  78.1  240  12  6  10.6   5.8 |  26.5  79.7  235  14  7  10.1   5.6
  7000  26.4  79.5  240  11  6   9.1   5.0 |  27.2  81.0  235  14  7   9.3   5.1
  6750  27.2  81.0  240  11  6  15.0   8.2 |  28.0  82.4  235  13  7  12.0   6.6
  6500  29.8  85.6  240  11  5  70.5  38.7 |  29.6  85.3  230  12  6  38.6  21.2
________________________________________________________________________________

This product is issued once per day, at approximately 730 AM local 
time. It is not continuously monitored nor updated after its initial 
issuance. 

The information contained herein is based on numerical weather prediction
model data for the Santa Fe County Municipal Airport site in Santa Fe, New Mexico at

                   North Latitude: 35.61097 deg
                   West Longitude: 106.61097 deg
                   Elevation: 6279.5 feet (1936.0 meters)

and may not be representative of other areas along and east of the Sandia
and Manzano Mountains. Note that some elevations in numerical weather
prediction models differ from actual station elevations, which can lead to
data which appear to be below ground.  Erroneous data such as these should
not be used.

The content and format of this report as well as the issuance times are subject
to change without prior notice.  Comments are welcome and should be directed
to one of the addresses or phone numbers shown at the bottom of this page.

DEFINITIONS:

CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy) - An integrated measure of the
     energy available for convective development, also known as the positive 
     area on a thermodynamic diagram.  Units are Joules per kilogram.  Larger
     values are indicative of greater instability and the possibility of 
     stronger convective activity, including thunderstorms.  Values around or
     greater than 1000 suggest the possibility of severe weather should
     convective activity develop.

CINH (Convective Inhibition) - An integrated measure of the amount of energy
     needed to initiate convective activity, also known as the negative area on
     a thermodynamic diagram.  Units are Joules per kilogram.  The more negative
     this number, the more energy is required to initiate convection.  This
     inhibitive energy can be overcome through surface heating, cooling aloft,
     lifting mechanisms (orographic, frontal, gravity waves, etc.)

Convective Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the
     average saturation mixing ratio in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass,
     if heated sufficiently from below, will rise dry adiabatically until it 
     just becomes saturated.  It estimates the base of cumulus clouds that are
     produced by surface heating only.

Convection Temperature (ConvectionT) - The surface temperature required to make
     the airmass dry adiabatic up to the given level.  It can be considered a
     "trigger temperature" for that level.

Freezing Level - The height where the temperature is zero degrees Celsius.

Height of Stable Layer - The height (between 12,000 and 18,000 feet above 
     mean sea level) where the smallest lapse rate exists.  The location and
     existence of this feature is important in the generation of mountain 
     waves.

K Index - A measure of stability which combines the temperature difference
     between approximately 5,000 and 18,000 feet above the surface, the amount
     of moisture at approximately 5,000 feet above the surface, and a measure
     of the dryness at approximately 10,000 feet above the surface.  Larger 
     positive numbers indicate more instability and a greater likelihood of 
     thunderstorm development.  One interpretation of K index values regarding
     soaring in the western United States is given in WMO Technical Note 158 
     and is reproduced in the following table:

          below -10    no or weak thermals
           -10 to 5    dry thermals or 1/8 cumulus with moderate thermals
            5 to 15    good soaring conditions
           15 to 20    good soaring conditions with occasional showers
           20 to 30    excellent soaring conditions, but increasing
                       probability of showers and thunderstorms
           above 30    more than 60 percent probability of thunderstorms

Lapse Rate - The change with height of the temperature. Negative values indicate
     inversions. 

Lifted Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the 
     average dew point in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass and the forecast
     maximum temperature must be lifted dry adiabatically to attain saturation.

Lifted Index (LI) - The difference between the environmental temperature at a
     level approximately 18,000 feet above the surface and the temperature of
     an air parcel lifted dry adiabatically from the surface to its lifted
     condensation level and then pseudoadiabatically thereafter to this same
     level.  The parcel's initial temperature is the forecast maximum 
     temperature and its dew point is the average dew point in the lowest 4000
     feet of the airmass.  Negative values are indicative of instability with
     positive values showing stable conditions.

Lift Rate - An experimental estimate of the strength of thermals.  It is
     computed the same way as the maximum rate of lift but uses the actual
     level rather than the maximum height of thermals in the calculation.
     Also, none of the empirical adjustments based on cloudiness and K-index
     are applied to these calculations.

Maximum Height of Thermals - The height where the dry adiabat through the
     forecast maximum temperature intersects the environmental temperature.

Maximum Rate of Lift - An estimate of the maximum strength of thermals.  It 
     is computed from an empirical formula which combines the expected maximum
     height of thermals with the difference in the environmental temperatures 
     between the maximum height of thermals and the temperature 4,000 feet 
     above the ground.  After this computation, further empirical adjustments
     are made based on the value of the K-index and the amount and opacity of
     middle and high level cloudiness expected between the time of trigger
     temperature and the time of overdevelopment.  

Middle/High Clouds - The amount and opacity of middle (altostratus, altocumulus)
     or high (cirrus, cirrostratus, cirrocumulus) clouds.  Broken means that
     between 60% and 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud, with overcast
     conditions occurring when more than 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud.
     Thin implies that the clouds are predominantly transparent, meaning that
     some sunlight is reaching the ground, in contrast to opaque which suggests
     that little sunlight is reaching the ground.
  
Potential Height of Wave - The minimum of the following two heights: 
     1. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists)
        where the wind direction changes by 30 degrees or more
     2. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists)
        where the wind speed no longer increases with height

PVA/NVA - Positive vorticity advection (PVA)/negative vorticity advection (NVA)
     on the 500 millibar isobaric surface (approximately 18,000 feet above mean
     sea level).  Weak PVA has been shown to assist in mountain wave soaring.

Soaring Window - The time between the time the trigger temperature is reached
                 and the time of overdevelopment.

Thermal Index - The difference between the environmental temperature and the
     temperature at a particular level determined by following the dry adiabat
     through the forecast maximum temperature up to that level.  Negative values
     are indicative of thermal lift.

Thermal Soaring Index - An adjective rating (for sailplanes) based on the 
     computed maximum rate of lift, and the wind speed and middle and high
     cloud cover expected during the soaring window (the time of the trigger
     temperature and the time of overdevelopment) according to the following:

                 Maximum rate of lift        Adjective Rating
                      >= 800 fpm                 Excellent
                 >= 400 and < 800 fpm              Good
                 >= 200 and < 400 fpm              Fair
                       < 200 fpm                   Poor  

Time of Overdevelopment - The time one or more of the following phenomena,
     which essentially shut off thermal lift, is expected to occur:
     1. formation of broken to overcast convective cloud cover
     2. formation of scattered to numerous downbursts
     3. initiation of widespread precipitation

Time of Trigger Temperature - The time the surface temperature is expected to
     reach the trigger temperature.

Trigger Temperature - The surface temperature required to make the first 4000
     feet of the atmosphere dry adiabatic.

Wave Soaring Index - An empirical, adjective rating (for sailplanes) which 
     attempts to combine a variety of phenomena important in mountain wave
     soaring into a single index number.  Objective points are assigned to
     these phenomena: wind speed and direction at 14,000 ft MSL, the static
     stability in the 12,000-18,000 ft MSL layer, the wind speed gradient above
     the stable layer, jet stream location and frontal and upper trough 
     movements.

042613