National Weather Service United States Department of Commerce

Heavy Rainfall Threat Continues in the Southwest on Monday; Record Warmth in the Plains and Midwest

Remnant moisture from Tropical Storm Rachel will persist over portions of the Great Basin and Southwest on Monday, bringing a potential heavy to excessive rainfall risk. Well above average and potentially record breaking temperatures will develop across the Plains and Midwest early this week, spreading into the Lower Mississippi Valley and Southeast midweek. Read More >

Subject: NAM3 EXPERIMENTAL Froude Number for the greens

Model run: BTV_GRID_D2D_NAM3_20261013_0600
Using the MB925 to MB850 layer.
Assumes greens are orthogonal to 270 degree winds.

925-850 mb Layer Average Wind/RH. Avg QPF over the greens.
Date   Time        Wind RH% 700 850T QPF
Day mm/dd hhZ Frd# DDFF (%) RH% (C) (in)
=== ===== === ==== ==== === === === ====
Tue 10/13 06Z 0.06 2802  96  96   7 0.00
Tue 10/13 07Z 0.06 2202  96  97   7 0.00
Tue 10/13 08Z 0.03 1805  97  98   7 0.01
Tue 10/13 09Z 0.08 1610  97  98   7 0.04
Tue 10/13 10Z 0.13 1618  98  99   7 0.06
Tue 10/13 11Z 0.11 1622  97  96   7 0.10
Tue 10/13 12Z 0.04 1725  97  96   8 0.10
Tue 10/13 13Z 0.04 1826  97  96   9 0.09
Tue 10/13 14Z 0.07 1829  97  87   9 0.10
Tue 10/13 15Z 0.07 1831  98  82  10 0.07
Tue 10/13 16Z 0.05 1833  97  74  10 0.07
Tue 10/13 17Z 0.06 1835  97  88  11 0.05
Tue 10/13 18Z 0.06 1836  97  93  11 0.14
Tue 10/13 19Z 0.11 1936  98  98  11 0.26
Tue 10/13 20Z 0.19 1933  98  98  11 0.16
Tue 10/13 21Z 0.25 2030  98  93  11 0.08
Tue 10/13 22Z 0.31 2128  99  86  12 0.13
Tue 10/13 23Z 0.35 2226  99  85  12 0.09
Wed 10/14 00Z 0.38 2225  99  84  13 0.08
Wed 10/14 01Z 0.43 2326  98  82  13 0.04
Wed 10/14 02Z 0.47 2325  98  76  13 0.04
Wed 10/14 03Z 0.51 2326  97  79  13 0.03
Wed 10/14 04Z 0.54 2426  97  82  14 0.04
Wed 10/14 05Z 0.55 2424  95  72  14 0.08
Wed 10/14 06Z 0.66 2427  96  78  13 0.03
Wed 10/14 07Z 0.75 2428  98  68  13 0.03
Wed 10/14 08Z 0.91 2530  98  40  12 0.04
Wed 10/14 09Z 1.10 2632  98  29  11 0.05
Wed 10/14 10Z 1.08 2731  97  18   9 0.04
Wed 10/14 11Z 0.87 2731  97  13   9 0.03
Wed 10/14 12Z 0.71 2832  95  11   9 0.02
Wed 10/14 13Z 0.65 2832  94  17   9 0.02
Wed 10/14 14Z 0.61 2831  93  14   8 0.02
Wed 10/14 15Z 0.59 2830  93  20   8 0.01
Wed 10/14 16Z 0.56 2828  92  31   8 0.01
Wed 10/14 17Z 0.58 2828  92  51   7 0.01
Wed 10/14 18Z 0.58 2927  93  58   6 0.01
Wed 10/14 19Z 0.55 2926  93  68   6 0.01
Wed 10/14 20Z 0.53 2925  94  67   5 0.01
Wed 10/14 21Z 0.50 3025  94  61   5 0.01
Wed 10/14 22Z 0.47 3024  94  57   4 0.01
Wed 10/14 23Z 0.48 3024  94  49   4 0.01
Thu 10/15 00Z 0.50 3125  94  45   3 0.01
Thu 10/15 01Z 0.52 3126  94  29   3 0.02
Thu 10/15 02Z 0.52 3127  92  27   2 0.02
Thu 10/15 03Z 0.53 3128  91  22   2 0.01
Thu 10/15 04Z 0.57 3229  90  15   1 0.01
Thu 10/15 05Z 0.52 3229  88   6   1 0.01
Thu 10/15 06Z 0.51 3230  83   4   0 0.01
Thu 10/15 07Z 0.47 3231  82   3   0 0.01
Thu 10/15 08Z 0.42 3331  81   2   0 0.01
Thu 10/15 09Z 0.36 3330  82   3   0 0.01
Thu 10/15 10Z 0.30 3329  83   2   0 0.01
Thu 10/15 11Z 0.28 3427  83   2  -1 0.01
Thu 10/15 12Z 0.22 3426  82   2  -1 0.01
Thu 10/15 13Z 0.20 3423  82   2  -1 0.01
Thu 10/15 14Z 0.15 3420  81   2  -1 0.01
Thu 10/15 15Z 0.11 3417  77   2   0 0.00
Thu 10/15 16Z 0.08 3416  69   3   0 0.00
Thu 10/15 17Z 0.08 3414  63   4   1 0.00

Run total areal avg QPF for the greens is: 2.40 inches.

Froude Number (Frd#): 
Frd# < 0.5 Flow is subcritical and blocked.
         Upslope clouds/precip backed farther upwind of and up to mtn crest.
         W Upslope snow favors eastern Champlain Valley, BTV, and Western slopes.
         Gap winds possible.
Frd# 0.5-1 Flow is subcritical/slow moving/blocked.
         Upslope clouds/precip falls immediately upwind of mtn crest.
         W Upslope snow favors western slopes to the Green Mt. spine including:
         Montgomery,Underhill,Jericho,Bolton,Richmond,Huntington,Lincoln.
         Gap winds possible.
Frd# 1-2 Flow is critical.
         With strong winds, Mountain waves/downslope winds possible.
         Precip falls close to mountain ridge crests and on lee side.
         W Upslope snow favors Green Mt Spine,Jay,Stowe,Waterbury,NE Kingdom.
Froude > 2 Flow is supercritical/unblocked(rapid flow).
         Air flows freely over terrain.
         Persistent upslope snow not favored. Scattered snow showers and flurries.

Relative Humidity (RH): 
         925-850 mb RH > 90% needed for upslope precipitation.
         with 700mb RH > 70% favors upslope snow.
         with 700mb RH > 90% greater amounts of W upslope snow possible.

850mb Temperature (T degC) Westerly Upslope Snow Ratios: (Avg=28:1)
        T > -11       10-15:1
        T -11 to -15  25-35:1
        T < -15       15-20:1