National Weather Service United States Department of Commerce

Heavy Rainfall Threat Continues in the Southwest on Monday; Record Warmth in the Plains and Midwest

Remnant moisture from Tropical Storm Rachel will persist over portions of the Great Basin and Southwest on Monday, bringing a potential heavy to excessive rainfall risk. Well above average and potentially record breaking temperatures will develop across the Plains and Midwest early this week, spreading into the Lower Mississippi Valley and Southeast midweek. Read More >

Subject: NAM3 EXPERIMENTAL Froude Number for the greens

Model run: BTV_GRID_D2D_NAM3_20261012_0000
Using the MB925 to MB850 layer.
Assumes greens are orthogonal to 270 degree winds.

925-850 mb Layer Average Wind/RH. Avg QPF over the greens.
Date   Time        Wind RH% 700 850T QPF
Day mm/dd hhZ Frd# DDFF (%) RH% (C) (in)
=== ===== === ==== ==== === === === ====
Mon 10/12 00Z 0.10 1919  91  91   7 0.00
Mon 10/12 01Z 0.14 1920  96  95   7 0.05
Mon 10/12 02Z 0.16 2019  98  99   7 0.10
Mon 10/12 03Z 0.17 2114  96  96   8 0.09
Mon 10/12 04Z 0.21 2411  96  95   9 0.05
Mon 10/12 05Z 0.25 2611  95  95   9 0.04
Mon 10/12 06Z 0.25 2811  96  91   9 0.03
Mon 10/12 07Z 0.24 2911  96  84   9 0.02
Mon 10/12 08Z 0.21 3110  97  72   9 0.01
Mon 10/12 09Z 0.19 3212  97  63   9 0.01
Mon 10/12 10Z 0.23 3216  98  55   8 0.01
Mon 10/12 11Z 0.22 3216  97  45   8 0.02
Mon 10/12 12Z 0.16 3214  92  32  10 0.01
Mon 10/12 13Z 0.17 3214  88  29  11 0.01
Mon 10/12 14Z 0.17 3216  83  26  11 0.01
Mon 10/12 15Z 0.18 3216  77  24  12 0.01
Mon 10/12 16Z 0.21 3216  75  34  12 0.00
Mon 10/12 17Z 0.26 3117  74  55  12 0.00
Mon 10/12 18Z 0.31 3017  77  72  12 0.00
Mon 10/12 19Z 0.39 2918  81  70  11 0.01
Mon 10/12 20Z 0.47 2920  88  70  10 0.01
Mon 10/12 21Z 0.50 3021  93  69  10 0.02
Mon 10/12 22Z 0.47 3020  95  73   9 0.03
Mon 10/12 23Z 0.39 3118  96  72   9 0.02
Tue 10/13 00Z 0.32 3117  98  86   8 0.02
Tue 10/13 01Z 0.24 3214  97  89   8 0.02
Tue 10/13 02Z 0.16 3311  97  89   8 0.01
Tue 10/13 03Z 0.11 3309  97  90   7 0.01
Tue 10/13 04Z 0.09 3406  96  95   7 0.00
Tue 10/13 05Z 0.06 3404  96  97   7 0.00
Tue 10/13 06Z 0.03 3500  97  98   7 0.00
Tue 10/13 07Z 0.05 1603  98  97   7 0.01
Tue 10/13 08Z 0.07 1607  99  95   7 0.04
Tue 10/13 09Z 0.06 1611  99  95   7 0.04
Tue 10/13 10Z 0.06 1615  98  92   7 0.06
Tue 10/13 11Z 0.06 1719  97  96   7 0.04
Tue 10/13 12Z 0.06 1722  97  99   7 0.05
Tue 10/13 13Z 0.04 1725  97  95   8 0.05
Tue 10/13 14Z 0.04 1828  97  97   8 0.05
Tue 10/13 15Z 0.06 1830  98  92   8 0.07
Tue 10/13 16Z 0.06 1833  98  91   8 0.05
Tue 10/13 17Z 0.09 1835  98  97   9 0.06
Tue 10/13 18Z 0.15 1934  98  92  10 0.14
Tue 10/13 19Z 0.16 1934  98  93  12 0.17
Tue 10/13 20Z 0.19 2032  97  94  12 0.12
Tue 10/13 21Z 0.22 2030  97  96  12 0.14
Tue 10/13 22Z 0.25 2029  96  91  13 0.14
Tue 10/13 23Z 0.30 2128  96  86  13 0.16
Wed 10/14 00Z 0.36 2228  97  77  13 0.06
Wed 10/14 01Z 0.37 2325  97  81  13 0.04
Wed 10/14 02Z 0.40 2326  99  75  13 0.09
Wed 10/14 03Z 0.45 2326  99  77  13 0.08
Wed 10/14 04Z 0.55 2428  99  73  13 0.08
Wed 10/14 05Z 0.60 2527  99  69  13 0.05
Wed 10/14 06Z 0.65 2626  97  73  13 0.04
Wed 10/14 07Z 0.68 2626  98  74  13 0.04
Wed 10/14 08Z 0.67 2625  98  57  13 0.06
Wed 10/14 09Z 0.70 2625  98  34  12 0.05
Wed 10/14 10Z 0.75 2625  98  24  11 0.05
Wed 10/14 11Z 0.72 2725  97  19  10 0.04

Run total areal avg QPF for the greens is: 2.69 inches.

Froude Number (Frd#): 
Frd# < 0.5 Flow is subcritical and blocked.
         Upslope clouds/precip backed farther upwind of and up to mtn crest.
         W Upslope snow favors eastern Champlain Valley, BTV, and Western slopes.
         Gap winds possible.
Frd# 0.5-1 Flow is subcritical/slow moving/blocked.
         Upslope clouds/precip falls immediately upwind of mtn crest.
         W Upslope snow favors western slopes to the Green Mt. spine including:
         Montgomery,Underhill,Jericho,Bolton,Richmond,Huntington,Lincoln.
         Gap winds possible.
Frd# 1-2 Flow is critical.
         With strong winds, Mountain waves/downslope winds possible.
         Precip falls close to mountain ridge crests and on lee side.
         W Upslope snow favors Green Mt Spine,Jay,Stowe,Waterbury,NE Kingdom.
Froude > 2 Flow is supercritical/unblocked(rapid flow).
         Air flows freely over terrain.
         Persistent upslope snow not favored. Scattered snow showers and flurries.

Relative Humidity (RH): 
         925-850 mb RH > 90% needed for upslope precipitation.
         with 700mb RH > 70% favors upslope snow.
         with 700mb RH > 90% greater amounts of W upslope snow possible.

850mb Temperature (T degC) Westerly Upslope Snow Ratios: (Avg=28:1)
        T > -11       10-15:1
        T -11 to -15  25-35:1
        T < -15       15-20:1